9 results
diagnosis differential causes endocrinology hypomagnesemia algorithm drugs medications pharmacology highcalcium hypertension hypocalcemia hypomg indications insufficiency low magnesium management nephrology pathophysiology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Primary Hyperparathyroidism • Adenoma • Hyperplasia • MEN 1 and 2A Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Hypercalcemia - ... long-standing secondary ... Renal Failure, Post-Renal ... Excess Vitamin D/Calcitriol ... Immobilization • Adrenal
Hypomagnesemia (Serum level < 1.7 mg/dL) Neuromuscular manifestations • Tremor, tetany, seizures • Weakness
Hypokalemia • Renal ... metabolism • Hypocalcemia ... • Parathyroid hormone ... Decreased synthesis of calcitriol
Hypercalcemia - Hormones and Pathophysiology Calcitriol: • Bones: Enhances mineralization • GI Tract: ↑ Ca2+
Hypercalcemia - ... Hormones and Pathophysiology ... Calcitriol: ... Ca2+, ↓ PO4- Calcitonin ... #Hormones #Pathophysiology
Adrenal Insufficiency Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Clinical suspicion: Weakness, fatigue, nausea, musculoskeletal pain, dizziness, volume depletion, abdominal pain,
Adrenal Insufficiency ... hyponatremia, hyperkalemia ... Adrenocorticotropic hormone ... ACTH - Primary adrenal ... baseline ACTH - Secondary
Pharmacologic Options for Hypercalcemia Associated with Cancer Rehydration with NS followed by loop diuretics • IV normal
Pharmacologic Options for Hypercalcemia ... Enhances GFR and renal ... conversion to calcitriol ... • Calcitonin ... osteoclast activity #hypercalcemia
Causes of Hypomagnesemia Redistribution: - IV glucose - Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis - IV hyperalimentation - Refeeding
(steatorrhea) Renal ... Tubulointerstitial renal ... inappropriate antidiuretic hormone ... Hyperparathyroidism - Hypercalcemic ... - Primary or secondary
Causes of Hypomagnesemia • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
steatorrhea) • Renal ... Tubulointerstitial renal ... inappropriate antidiuretic hormone ... Hyperparathyroidism, Hypercalcemic ... states, Primary or secondary
Causes of Hypocalcemia by Clinical Cause Acute illness: pancreatitis, tumor lysis, severe illness - Secondary hyperparathyroidism from
severe illness - Secondary ... or parathyroid hormone ... absent parathyroid hormone ... gland removal Renal ... disease - Secondary
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 Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis Approach (when evaluation should be done): 1. Severe or
Causes of Secondary ... bruit or signs of hormonal ... Hyperthyroidism, Hypercalcemia ... Renal parenchymal ... Jcortesizaguirr #Secondary
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