10 results
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Hypercalcemia - ... Differential Diagnosis ... long-standing secondary ... Excess Vitamin D/Calcitriol ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Hypercalcemia - Hormones and Pathophysiology  
Calcitriol:
 • Bones: Enhances mineralization
 • GI Tract: ↑ Ca2+
Hypercalcemia - ... Hormones and Pathophysiology ... Calcitriol: ... Ca2+, ↓ PO4- Calcitonin ... #Hormones #Pathophysiology
Hypomagnesemia (Serum level < 1.7 mg/dL)
Neuromuscular manifestations 
 • Tremor, tetany, seizures 
 • Weakness
metabolism • Hypocalcemia ... • Parathyroid hormone ... Decreased synthesis of calcitriol ... Signs #Symptoms #Diagnosis
Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis
Renal Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Familial:
Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome, Isolated recessive hypomagnesemia,
- Differential Diagnosis ... Hypomagnesemia with secondary ... , hypocalcemia Mitochondrial ... Hypomagnesemia - Acquired: Medications ... #differential #diagnosis
Pharmacologic Options for Hypercalcemia Associated with Cancer
Rehydration with NS followed by loop diuretics
 • IV normal
Pharmacologic Options for Hypercalcemia ... tube First-line medications ... conversion to calcitriol ... • Calcitonin ... osteoclast activity #hypercalcemia
Adrenal Insufficiency Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical suspicion: Weakness, fatigue, nausea, musculoskeletal pain, dizziness, volume depletion, abdominal pain,
Insufficiency Differential Diagnosis ... hyponatremia, hyperkalemia ... Adrenocorticotropic hormone ... baseline ACTH - Secondary ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
Redistribution:
 - IV glucose
 - Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis
 - IV hyperalimentation
 - Refeeding
inappropriate antidiuretic hormone ... Hyperparathyroidism - Hypercalcemic ... - Primary or secondary ... Hypomagnesemia #Causes #diagnosis ... #differential #medications
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Causes of Secondary ... and Differential Diagnosis ... bruit or signs of hormonal ... Hyperthyroidism, Hypercalcemia ... #indications
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
 • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
inappropriate antidiuretic hormone ... Hyperparathyroidism, Hypercalcemic ... states, Primary or secondary ... #differential #diagnosis
Causes of Hypocalcemia by Clinical Cause

Acute illness: pancreatitis, tumor lysis, severe illness - Secondary hyperparathyroidism from
severe illness - Secondary ... or parathyroid hormone ... absent parathyroid hormone ... Renal disease - Secondary ... #Differential #Diagnosis