52 results
Hypomagnesemia (Serum level < 1.7 mg/dL)
Neuromuscular manifestations 
 • Tremor, tetany, seizures 
 • Weakness
Renal potassium wasting ... Hypoparathyroidism • Parathyroid ... Decreased synthesis of calcitriol ... Signs #Symptoms #Diagnosis
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Parathyroid gland ... prostate (release of calcitriol ... Hypercalcemia #Causes ... endocrinology #diagnosis
Acute Kidney Injury - Differential Diagnosis Framework
PRERENAL:
 - Intrarenal vasoconstriction-hemodynamically mediated
 - Systemic vasodilation
 - Volume
urinalysis, labs - Management ... renal biopsy - Management ... nephrotoxic drugs, treating ... underlying cause ... ultrasonography - Manaqement
Cardiac Stress Testing
Exercise:
 • Everyone who can exercise should!
 • They must be able to raise
Cardiac Stress Testing ... production to cause ... pts with severe COPD ... #cardiology #management ... #diagnosis
Pseudogout: pathogenesis and clinical findings
 - Idiopathic (vast majority of cases) -> Mechanism unknown
 - Familial
vast majority of cases ... Incr levels of parathyroid ... pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD ... and/or x-ray - CPPD ... Pathophysiology #Diagnosis
My Patient with Infective Endocarditis (IE) Has Negative Blood Cultures
 - Did they receive antibiotics prior
therapy - Number one cause ... -> Serological Testing ... -> Serological Testing ... BloodCultures #Diagnosis ... #Management #Algorithm
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HOCM) - Diagnosis and Management
Diagnosis
 1. Wall thickness 215 mm (TTE/CT/MRI) 
 2. Absence
and Management ... Diagnosis 1. ... Absence of Secondary Cause ... Supportive: genetic testing ... #Management #Cardiology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis by Mechanism
Decr Blood Pressure (“Decr Effective Circulating Volume”) 
 - Volume depletion
- Differential Diagnosis ... e.g. pneumonia, COPD ... Cerebral salt wasting ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Table #Causes
Non-Invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation
Indications: 
 • COPD exacerbation (↓ intubation, ↓ mortality), Cardiogenic pulmonary edema (↓
Indications: • COPD ... mortality), Other causes ... #Ventilation #diagnosis ... #management #indications
Chest Pain Diagnosis and Management Algorithm
STEMI:
 - Hx: Pressure like CP, Radiation to arm/jaw, CAD risk
Chest Pain Diagnosis ... and Management ... onset, severe, tearing ... , Dyspnea, H/O COPD ... #Management #Algorithm