15 results
Hormonal Regulation of the Blood Calcium concentration

#Calcium #Regulation #Parathyroid #Calcitonin #Calcitriol #PTH #Endocrinology #Pathophysiology #Hormones
Regulation of the Blood Calcium ... concentration #Calcium ... #Regulation #Parathyroid ... #Calcitonin #Calcitriol ... #PTH #Endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Lithium use • Calcium-sensing ... prostate (release of calcitriol ... #endocrinology ... #diagnosis #differential
Hypomagnesemia (Serum level < 1.7 mg/dL)
Neuromuscular manifestations 
 • Tremor, tetany, seizures 
 • Weakness
Abnormalities of calcium ... Hypoparathyroidism • Parathyroid ... Decreased synthesis of calcitriol ... Signs #Symptoms #Diagnosis
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
- Differential Diagnosis ... PTH: • Elevated Calcitriol ... Bony Mets - Calcium ... #Algorithm #causes ... #endocrinology
Hypocalcemia Laboratory Evaluation

Serum levels of PTH, phosphorus, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D can help differentiate between
Hypoparathyroidism - Calcium-sensing ... activating mutation - Parathyroid ... Hyperparathyroidism #Diagnosis ... #Endocrinology
Causes of Hypocalcemia by Clinical Cause

Acute illness: pancreatitis, tumor lysis, severe illness - Secondary hyperparathyroidism from
by Clinical Cause ... low circulating calcium ... Genetic defects in calcium-sensing ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Endocrinology
Hypocalcemia - Workup Algorithm

Dr Nikhil Lohiya - NEPHKIDS 2020 @NEPHKIDS1

#Hypocalcemia #Workup #Algorithm #differential #diagnosis #endocrinology #causes
#differential #diagnosis ... #endocrinology ... #causes #calcium
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Parathyroid hormone–dependent ... Hypercalcemia #Causes ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Endocrinology
Hypercalcemia Workup and Differential Diagnosis Framework
1) Determine whether PTH-dependent
2) Assess for other hormonal causes
3) Assess for
and Differential Diagnosis ... other hormonal causes ... for non-hormonal causes ... #algorithm #endocrinology ... #calcium
Radial Fracture Due to Parathyroid Carcinoma- ...A plain radiograph of the left arm showed a diaphyseal
had received a diagnosis ... 65) and a serum calcium ... which is a rare cause ... year after the diagnosis ... milliliter and his calcium