19 results
Workup of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High or Normal PTH:
 • Hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid adenoma, Parathyroid hyperplasia,
- Differential Diagnosis ... High or Normal PTH ... Low PTH: • High ... , Idiopathic calcitriol ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Hypercalcemia Evaluation Algorithm 

(PTH = parathyroid hormone; PTHrp: parathyroid hormone–related peptide.)

#Hypercalcemia #Evaluation #Algorithm #Diagnosis
Algorithm (PTH ... = parathyroid hormone ... hormone–related ... #Hypercalcemia # ... Evaluation #Algorithm #Diagnosis
Hypocalcemia Evaluation Algorithm 

(PTH = parathyroid hormone.)

#Hypocalcemia #Evaluation #Algorithm #Diagnosis #Differential
Hypocalcemia Evaluation ... Algorithm (PTH ... = parathyroid hormone ... #Hypocalcemia #Evaluation ... #Algorithm #Diagnosis
Mechanism of malignancy-associated hypercalcemia. Abbreviations: 1,25(OH)2D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D; NHL, non-Hodgkin lymphoma; PTH, parathyroid hormone; PTHrP, PTH-related
non-Hodgkin lymphoma; PTH ... , parathyroid hormone ... ; PTHrP, PTH-related ... #Pathophys #Diagnosis ... #Hypercalcemia
Hypomagnesemia (Serum level < 1.7 mg/dL)
Neuromuscular manifestations 
 • Tremor, tetany, seizures 
 • Weakness
metabolism • Hypocalcemia ... hormone resistance ... Decreased synthesis of calcitriol ... Hypomagnesemia #Signs #Symptoms ... #Diagnosis
Hypocalcemia Laboratory Evaluation

Serum levels of PTH, phosphorus, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D can help differentiate between
Serum levels of PTH ... activating mutation - Parathyroid ... hormone resistance ... Chronic kidney disease ... Hyperparathyroidism #Diagnosis
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Parathyroid hormone–dependent ... hormone–independent ... hormone–related ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Electrolyte imbalances are common findings in many diseases. The kidney is a principally responsible organ for
findings in many diseases ... aldosterone, and parathyroid ... hormone, and factors ... range of signs and symptoms ... with signs and symptoms
Diagnostic algorithm for the workup of hypercalcemia. The diagnostic workup for patients presenting with hypercalcemia rests
Diagnostic algorithm ... The diagnostic workup ... measurement of parathyroid ... hormone (PTH) to ... #Diagnosis #Hypercalcemia
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Hyperthyroidism • Paget's disease ... prostate (release of calcitriol ... Chronic kidney disease ... endocrinology #diagnosis