17 results
Impact and Challenges With Vitamin D to Treat Secondary Hyperparathyroidism in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
Challenges With Vitamin ... Calcitriol ... or better than calcitriol ... or better than calcitriol ... amzn.to/34t5DgJ #VitaminD
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
hypercalcemia Vitamin ... • Excessive vitamin ... 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin ... • Excessive vitamin ... prostate (release of calcitriol
Vitamin D Metabolism
Fat-soluble vitamin
Sources: dermal synthesis and food (dairy products, fish)
Active form: calcitriol (1,25-OH Vitamin D)
Main
Vitamin D Metabolism ... Fat-soluble vitamin ... ) Active form: calcitriol ... (1,25-OH Vitamin ... mendesthiagob #VitaminD
Hormonal Regulation of the Blood Calcium concentration

#Calcium #Regulation #Parathyroid #Calcitonin #Calcitriol #PTH #Endocrinology #Pathophysiology #Hormones
Calcium #Regulation #Parathyroid ... #Calcitonin #Calcitriol
Synthesis, metabolism and functions of vitamin D. PTH parathyroid hormone, FGF-23 fibroblast growth factor-23, RANKL receptor
and functions of vitamin ... PTH parathyroid ... kappa-B ligand #VitaminD
Workup of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High or Normal PTH:
 • Hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid adenoma, Parathyroid hyperplasia,
Hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid ... adenoma, Parathyroid ... hyperplasia, Parathyroid ... diseases, Idiopathic calcitriol ... nephrology #PTH #parathyroid
Hypomagnesemia (Serum level < 1.7 mg/dL)
Neuromuscular manifestations 
 • Tremor, tetany, seizures 
 • Weakness
Hypoparathyroidism • Parathyroid ... Decreased synthesis of calcitriol
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Hypercalcemia Parathyroid ... hyperparathyroidism) Parathyroid ... Neoplasms - Parathyroid ... syndromes Excess vitamin ... Ingested or topical vitamin
Hypophosphatemia Diagnostic Algorithm
- GI Losses
- Redistribution
- 1° HPT
- 1° Renal PO4 wasting: Hereditary, TIO, Fanconi Syndrome,
Redistribution - 1° HPT ... Diamox/glucose - Vitamin
Hypocalcemia Laboratory Evaluation

Serum levels of PTH, phosphorus, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D can help differentiate between
activating mutation - Parathyroid ... pseudohypoparathyroidism) - Vitamin