220 results
Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Low and High Phosphate
LOW PHOSPHATE
 - Low/NormaI PTH
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm - Low ... Phenytoin, Nephrotic Syndrome ... Hepatobiliary Disease ... Chronic Kidney Disease
Workup of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High or Normal PTH:
 • Hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid adenoma, Parathyroid hyperplasia,
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm High ... Normal PTH: • Hyperparathyroidism ... , Milk Alkali Syndrome ... , Viral Syndromes
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Other humoral syndromes ... Granulomatous disease ... - Williams syndrome ... Other endocrine diseases ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Hypophosphatemia Diagnostic Algorithm
- GI Losses
- Redistribution
- 1° HPT
- 1° Renal PO4 wasting: Hereditary, TIO, Fanconi Syndrome,
Hypophosphatemia Diagnostic ... Algorithm - GI ... Redistribution - 1° HPT ... , TIO, Fanconi Syndrome ... #Algorithm #differential
Hypercalcemia - EKG Findings
Causes of Hypercalcemia 
• Malignancy 
• Milk-alkali syndrome 
• Vitamin D toxicity 
•
• Milk-alkali syndrome ... toxicity • Paget's disease ... • Hyperparathyroidism ... Granulomatous disease ... Differential #Causes #Diagnosis
Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Low Serum Mg: GI losses, Renal losses, Alcoholism, Malnutrition, Drug-Induced
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm • Low ... , infiltrative disease ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #causes
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift
 • Recovery From DKA
 • Refeeding Syndrome
 • Acute Respiratory
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Transcellular ... • Refeeding Syndrome ... PO4 > 5%: • Hyperparathyroidism ... Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Hypocalcemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 - Magnesium deficiency
 - Hypoparathyroidism 
 - Hypoalbuminemia (Pseudohypocalcemia)
 - Vitamin D
Hypocalcemia Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm - Magnesium ... deficiency - Hypoparathyroidism ... chronic kidney disease ... #Hypocalcemia #Diagnosis
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Primary ... Hyperparathyroidism ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #Endocrinology
Vertebral Body Abnormalities

A sheet of common (and uncommon) vertebral body findings, because a completely “normal” spine
Vertebra Hurler Syndrome ... Morquio Syndrome ... Osteopetrosis (AD) Hyperparathyroidism ... Paget Disease ... Anomalies #Spine #Diagnosis