473 results
Impact and Challenges With Vitamin D to Treat Secondary Hyperparathyroidism in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
Treat Secondary Hyperparathyroidism ... Chronic Kidney Disease ... - Suppresses SHPT ... - Suppresses SHPT ... VitaminD #Secondary #Hyperparathyroidism
Initial treatment of renal bone disease and cinacalcet for secondary hyperparathyroidism
Phosphate binders reduce hyperphosphataemia and hyperparathyroidism.
Initial treatment ... of renal bone disease ... for secondary hyperparathyroidism ... hypocalcaemia and hyperparathyroidism ... the first-line treatments
Hypocalcemia Laboratory Evaluation

Serum levels of PTH, phosphorus, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D can help differentiate between
hypocalcemia: - Hypoparathyroidism ... Chronic kidney disease ... Laboratory #Levels #Hyperparathyroidism ... #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Low and High Phosphate
LOW PHOSPHATE
 - Low/NormaI PTH
- Differential Diagnosis ... Hepatobiliary Disease ... Low PTH • Hypoparathyroidism ... Chronic Kidney Disease ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
Hyperparathyroidism ... • Secondary Hyperparathyroidism ... Phosphate Physical Symptoms ... pain Psychiatric Symptoms ... #diagnosis #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
type 2A, familial hyperparathyroidism ... Granulomatous disease ... Other endocrine diseases ... immobilization, Jansen disease ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Causes of Hypermagnesemia
Increased magnesium load
 - Magnesium-containing laxatives, antacids, or enemas
 - Treatment of pre-edampsia/eclampsia (mothers
or enemas - Treatment ... absorption - Hyperparathyroidism ... insufficiency (Addison's disease ... Hypermagnesemia #Causes #diagnosis
Hypercalcemia - EKG Findings
Causes of Hypercalcemia 
• Malignancy 
• Milk-alkali syndrome 
• Vitamin D toxicity 
•
toxicity • Paget's disease ... • Hyperparathyroidism ... Granulomatous disease ... Differential #Causes #Diagnosis
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Primary Hyperparathyroidism ... Metastatic Bone Disease ... Granulomatous Disease ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Low Serum Mg: GI losses, Renal losses, Alcoholism, Malnutrition, Drug-Induced
- Differential Diagnosis ... Elevated - Secondary Hyperparathyroidism ... Inappropriately Normal/Low - Hypoparathyroidism ... , infiltrative disease ... #Differential #Diagnosis