183 results
Impact and Challenges With Vitamin D to Treat Secondary Hyperparathyroidism in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
Treat Secondary Hyperparathyroidism ... Chronic Kidney Disease ... - Suppresses SHPT ... - Suppresses SHPT ... VitaminD #Secondary #Hyperparathyroidism
Hypercalcemia - EKG Findings
Causes of Hypercalcemia 
• Malignancy 
• Milk-alkali syndrome 
• Vitamin D toxicity 
•
EKG Findings Causes ... • Hyperparathyroidism ... Granulomatous disease ... #Differential #Causes ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology
Initial treatment of renal bone disease and cinacalcet for secondary hyperparathyroidism
Phosphate binders reduce hyperphosphataemia and hyperparathyroidism.
of renal bone disease ... for secondary hyperparathyroidism ... hypocalcaemia and hyperparathyroidism ... #Pharmacology #Pathophysiology ... #Secondary #Hyperparathyroidism
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Granulomatous disease ... Other endocrine diseases ... immobilization, Jansen disease ... Hypercalcemia #Causes
Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Low Serum Mg: GI losses, Renal losses, Alcoholism, Malnutrition, Drug-Induced
Elevated - Secondary Hyperparathyroidism ... Inappropriately Normal/Low - Hypoparathyroidism ... , infiltrative disease ... sunlight • Other Causes ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Reversible Neurocognitive Disorders (Reversible Causes of "Dementia")
 • Structural/Mass: Subdural Hematoma, NPH, Intracranial tumor
 • Infection:
Disorders (Reversible Causes ... Neurosyphilis, Lime disease ... , Whipple's disease ... encephalitis, Hypo/hyperparathyroidism ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... resorption: • Primary hyperparathyroidism ... failure, Addison's disease ... Granulomatous diseases ... Hypercalcemia #Causes
Causes of Hypermagnesemia
Increased magnesium load
 - Magnesium-containing laxatives, antacids, or enemas
 - Treatment of pre-edampsia/eclampsia (mothers
Causes of Hypermagnesemia ... absorption - Hyperparathyroidism ... insufficiency (Addison's disease ... Hypermagnesemia #Causes
Vertebral Body Abnormalities

A sheet of common (and uncommon) vertebral body findings, because a completely “normal” spine
Hemivertebra Scheuermann Disease ... Osteopetrosis (AD) Hyperparathyroidism ... Paget Disease ... Abnormalities #Radiology ... Diagnosis #Vertebrae #diseases
Causes of Proximal Muscle Weakness That May Mimic Inflammatory Myopathy
 • Central or peripheral neurologic disease
Causes of Proximal ... peripheral neurologic disease ... Trichinosis - Lyme disease ... hyperthyroidism - Hyperparathyroidism ... #differential #causes