124 results
Hypocalcemia Laboratory Evaluation

Serum levels of PTH, phosphorus, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D can help differentiate between
dihydroxyvitamin D can help differentiate ... hypocalcemia: - Hypoparathyroidism ... Chronic kidney disease ... Laboratory #Levels #Hyperparathyroidism ... Endocrinology #Differential
Impact and Challenges With Vitamin D to Treat Secondary Hyperparathyroidism in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
Treat Secondary Hyperparathyroidism ... Chronic Kidney Disease ... - Suppresses SHPT ... - Suppresses SHPT ... VitaminD #Secondary #Hyperparathyroidism
Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Low and High Phosphate
LOW PHOSPHATE
 - Low/NormaI PTH
Hypocalcemia - Differential ... Hepatobiliary Disease ... Low PTH • Hypoparathyroidism ... Chronic Kidney Disease ... #Hypocalcemia #Differential
Hypercalcemia - EKG Findings
Causes of Hypercalcemia 
• Malignancy 
• Milk-alkali syndrome 
• Vitamin D toxicity 
•
toxicity • Paget's disease ... • Hyperparathyroidism ... Granulomatous disease ... Electrocardiogram #Differential ... Causes #Diagnosis #Cardiology
Vertebral Body Abnormalities

A sheet of common (and uncommon) vertebral body findings, because a completely “normal” spine
Hemivertebra Scheuermann Disease ... Osteopetrosis (AD) Hyperparathyroidism ... Paget Disease ... Abnormalities #Radiology ... #differential
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
type 2A, familial hyperparathyroidism ... Granulomatous disease ... Other endocrine diseases ... immobilization, Jansen disease ... Hypercalcemia #Causes #Differential
Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Low Serum Mg: GI losses, Renal losses, Alcoholism, Malnutrition, Drug-Induced
Hypocalcemia - Differential ... Elevated - Secondary Hyperparathyroidism ... Inappropriately Normal/Low - Hypoparathyroidism ... , infiltrative disease ... #Hypocalcemia #Differential
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Hypercalcemia - Differential ... Algorithm Primary Hyperparathyroidism ... Metastatic Bone Disease ... Granulomatous Disease ... Hypercalcemia #Differential
Workup of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High or Normal PTH:
 • Hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid adenoma, Parathyroid hyperplasia,
Hypercalcemia - Differential ... Normal PTH: • Hyperparathyroidism ... Skeletal metastatic disease ... Granulomatous diseases ... Hypercalcemia #Differential
Hypocalcemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 - Magnesium deficiency
 - Hypoparathyroidism 
 - Hypoalbuminemia (Pseudohypocalcemia)
 - Vitamin D
Hypocalcemia Differential ... deficiency - Hypoparathyroidism ... chronic kidney disease ... endocrinology #differential