247 results
Indications for Parathyroidectomy in Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • All patients with symptomatic PHPT
 • Serum calcium 1
Parathyroidectomy in Primary Hyperparathyroidism ... with symptomatic PHPT ... #Indications #PHPT ... endocrinology #management ... #Hyperparathyroidism
Impact and Challenges With Vitamin D to Treat Secondary Hyperparathyroidism in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
Treat Secondary Hyperparathyroidism ... - Suppresses SHPT ... - Suppresses SHPT ... VitaminD #Secondary #Hyperparathyroidism ... CKD #Nephrology #Management
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasias (MEN syndromes) 

MEN I
• Hyperparathyroidism 
• Hypercalcemia 
• Possible ZE syndrome 
• Various
Neoplasias (MEN syndromes ... ) MEN I • Hyperparathyroidism ... • Possible ZE syndrome ... • Cushing syndrome ... MEN IIa • Hyperparathyroidism
Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Low and High Phosphate
LOW PHOSPHATE
 - Low/NormaI PTH
Phenytoin, Nephrotic Syndrome ... NormaI PTH • Hypoparathyroidism ... Resistance (Pseudo-hypoparathyroidism ... Low PTH • Hypoparathyroidism ... • Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
hormone–dependent Primary hyperparathyroidism ... type 2A, familial hyperparathyroidism ... Other humoral syndromes ... disease - Williams syndrome ... intoxication, milk-alkali syndrome
Hypercalcemia - EKG Findings
Causes of Hypercalcemia 
• Malignancy 
• Milk-alkali syndrome 
• Vitamin D toxicity 
•
• Milk-alkali syndrome ... Paget's disease • Hyperparathyroidism
Hypophosphatemia Diagnostic Algorithm
- GI Losses
- Redistribution
- 1° HPT
- 1° Renal PO4 wasting: Hereditary, TIO, Fanconi Syndrome,
Redistribution - 1° HPT ... , TIO, Fanconi Syndrome
Inherited Colorectal Cancer (CRS) Syndromes
Adenomatous Polyposis Syndromes:
 • Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP), Attenuated FAP (AFAP), MUTYH
Colorectal Cancer (CRS) Syndromes ... Adenomatous Polyposis Syndromes ... Urinary → Lynch Syndrome ... Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome ... #diagnosis #management
Workup of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High or Normal PTH:
 • Hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid adenoma, Parathyroid hyperplasia,
Normal PTH: • Hyperparathyroidism ... disease, Milk Alkali Syndrome ... disease, Viral Syndromes
Secondary causes of Hypertension
 • Medications, Drugs, Chemo: NSAIDS, Steroids, CNI, Alcohol, Cocaine, OCP, Licorice, MAOI,
Thyroid disease, Hyperparathyroidism ... tumor, Chrouros syndrome ... , Geller syndrome ... , Gordon syndrome ... , Liddle syndrome