23 results
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
Primary Adrenal ... aldosterone Causes ... • Abdominal pain ... • Back pain ... addisons #disease #endocrinology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... stimulus to ADH • Pain ... • Drugs • Pulmonary ... Hypothyroidism • Adrenal ... suppression • Primary
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... stimulus to ADH • Pain ... • Drugs • Pulmonary ... Hypothyroidism • Adrenal ... suppression • Primary
Adrenal Insufficiency - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency:
Most Common Cause in the US: Autoimmune Adrenalitis
Other
Management Summary Primary ... ketoconazole, etomidate) Symptoms ... , Muscle/joint pain ... hypophysitis, Sheehan's syndrome ... Diagnosis #Management #Endocrinology
Adrenal Crisis
Do not confuse acute adrenal crisis with Addison disease. In 1855, Thomas Addison described a
Addison described a syndrome ... hyperpigmentation as the primary ... symptoms. ... vomiting, abdominal pain ... of primary adrenal
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis by Mechanism
Decr Blood Pressure (“Decr Effective Circulating Volume”) 
 - Volume depletion
- Cirrhosis Syndrome ... hemorrhage) - Pulmonary ... SSRIs) Severe pain ... failure - Primary ... Diagnosis #Table #Causes
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
spine L1-L5 Symptoms ... so-called ‘red flag’ symptoms ... dysfunction SPINE Mnemonic ... - Emergency Causes ... infections • primary
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
, and possibly renal ... are not caused ... Pulmonary: dyspnea ... , cough, chest pain ... acute sarcoidosis Pulmonary
Bronchiectasis - Summary

What?
• Bronchiectasis is derived from the Greek words bronckos meaning airway and ectasis meaning
Chronic inflammation causes ... inflammation Symptoms ... weight • Chest pain ... • Mounier-Kuhn syndrome ... TB, NTM, PNA • Primary
Mycoses

HISTOPLASMOSIS
• Inhalation of conidia → Yeast → travel to lymph nodes → spread in body
• Bird
symptomsRheumatologic ... : • Primary pulmonary ... chills, muscle aches ... , joint pain, chest ... pain • Rarely,