17 results
Causes of Back Pain - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Always assess for red flags. If no red flags,
Causes of Back Pain ... constitutional symptoms ... Fracture • Tumor/lnfection ... • Cauda Equina ... Syndrome • Spondyloarthropathies
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
Cauda Equina Syndrome ... spine L1-L5 Symptoms ... dysfunction SPINE Mnemonic ... - Emergency Causes ... #diagnosis #causes
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Cauda Equina Syndrome ... Causes: • Large ... epidural hematoma • Infection ... spine Signs / Symptoms ... #CaudaEquina #Syndrome
Bradycardia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

BRADI Mnemonic
 • BRASH/Hyperkalemia
 • Reduced oxygen/Glucose/Temp
 • ACS
 • Drugs
 •
Framework BRADI Mnemonic ... Drugs • ICP / Infections ... Hyperkalemia Pulmonary ... #cardiology #BRADI ... #Mnemonic
Bronchiectasis - Summary

What?
• Bronchiectasis is derived from the Greek words bronckos meaning airway and ectasis meaning
Chronic inflammation causes ... inflammation Symptoms ... weight • Chest pain ... Most Common Causes ... • Mounier-Kuhn syndrome
Lesions of the Spinal cord - Spinal Cord Syndromes

Spinal cord lesions can result in permanent neurologic
Causes of spinal ... Infarction - Infection ... Lower motor neuron symptoms ... Upper motor neuron symptoms ... involvement Cauda Equina
Neurological Manifestations of Tuberculosis
Spinal Arachnoiditis & Polyradiculopathy:
 • Subacute onset of limb weakness, bladder/bowel dysfunction, muscle
wasting, radicular pain ... dysfunction, back pain ... Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome ... lymphadenopathy, pulmonary ... • Caused by immune
Adrenal Insufficiency - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency:
Most Common Cause in the US: Autoimmune Adrenalitis
Other
: Most Common Cause ... : TB, fungal infection ... ketoconazole, etomidate) Symptoms ... hypophysitis, Sheehan's syndrome ... Diagnosis #Management #Endocrinology
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
continence • Pain ... roots -> Cauda equina ... Non-compressive Spinal Cord Causes ... Infections: - ... MCTD, Sjogren syndrome
Lung Infections in HIV - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Disease by CD4 Count:
Any CD4 Count:
 • Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
Lung Infections ... Constitutional symptoms ... factor • May cause ... Rhodococcus Equi ... #HIV #AIDS #pulmonary