11 results
Causes of Hypoxemia- Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Ventilation/perfusion Mismatch
 • Airway Disease (Asthma, COPD)
 • Vascular (PE*)
 •
Causes of Hypoxemia ... • Interstitial lung ... diseasePulmonary ... Abnormalities #Hypoxemia ... #Hypoxia #Differential
Hypoxemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm by A-a Gradient

Normal A-a Gradient:
 • ↓ Atmospheric pressure
 • Hypoventilation: CNS
Hypoxemia Differential ... neuromuscular disease ... MatthewHoMD #Hypoxemia ... #Hypoxia #Differential ... #pulmonary #Aa
Hypoxemia / Hypoxia - Rapid Response Management Algorithm

Stridor - Upper airway pathology:
 • Anaphylaxis
 • Foreign
Hypoxemia / Hypoxia ... asthma • Pleural disease ... atelectasis • Lung ... Sophia_Hayes_MD #Hypoxemia ... #Hypoxia #differential
Causes of Pulmonary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
 • Idiopathic
 • Associated with:
Causes of Pulmonary ... Pulmonary Arterial ... • Valvular Lung ... Hypoxemia: • COPD ... • Interstitial Lung
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
/0.8)] - PaO2 Normal ... Embolism, Obstructive Lung ... Disease and more ... , Interstitial Lung ... #Hypoxia #hypoxemia
Erythrocytosis - Polycythemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Elevated Hemoglobin:
 • Males: Hb > 16.5 g/dL/HCT ≥ 49%
 •
Acquired Causes: • Hypoxia-driven ... : Cardiac/pulmonary ... disease, Smoking ... altitude habitat • Hypoxia-independent ... ), TEMPI (VEGF normal
Pulmonary Hypertension Groups - WHO Classification
Group I - Vascular remodeling of pulmonary arteries
 • Idiopathic, HIV,
Pulmonary Hypertension ... III - Chronic lung ... hypoxemia • COPD ... issues at rest, but normal ... issues at rest, but normal
Bronchiectasis - Summary

What?
• Bronchiectasis is derived from the Greek words bronckos meaning airway and ectasis meaning
Chronic cough • Hypoxia ... polycythemia from chronic hypoxia ... in the adjacent lung ... of the affected lung ... - BAR >1.0 is abnormal
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
, pain, fever, hypoxia ... Classically” noted with pulmonary ... with associated hypoxia ... or restrictive lung ... disease (COPD,
Abnormalities in Rate and Rhythm of Breathing 
Normal 
The respiratory rate is about 14—20 per min
including restrictive lung ... disease, pleuritic ... consider infarction, hypoxia ... Breathing In lung ... Breathing #Patterns #Pulmonary