10 results
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
(AG) = {Na - (Cl ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Interpretation #Diagnosis ... #Summary #Nephrology ... #ABG #bloodgas
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
to diarrhea, a high ... Urine chloride is high ... of sodium and potassium ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #diagnosis
Renal tubular acidosis (RTA): refers to a group of conditions all of which cause the same
of conditions all ... end result: a metabolic ... causes of RTA #Diagnosis ... RenalTubularAcidosis #Features #Table ... #Comparison #PH
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Gap Metabolic Acidosis ... Causes of High-anion ... Potassium-sparing ... #differential #diagnosis
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
complications such as ... treated with IV potassium ... urinary losses: • High ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis ... #nephrology #low
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... phlebotomy High ... • NSAIDs • ACE ... infusions) - Metabolic ... #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... phlebotomy High ... • NSAIDs • ACE ... infusions) - Metabolic ... #high #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
resistance • Metabolic ... disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... Inhibitors of Na+K+2Cl ... Loop Diuretics; High-Ceiling ... #Medications #Table
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... Elimination (see Table ... Ca-gluconate or 1g CaCl ... Management #Treatment #potassium ... #nephrology #K
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS)

Definition:
• Functional, potentially reversible kidney impairment.
• Occurs in advanced liver disease: cirrhosis, severe alcoholic
Normal kidney ultrasound ... be substituted as ... Prognosis: • High ... evaluation essential in all ... Syndrome #Hepatology #Nephrology