10 results
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Metabolic Alkalosis ... alkalosisKidney ... the indicated causes ... of sodium and potassium ... #differential #diagnosis
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acute or chronic ... Compensation, Acute ... D-lactate (short bowel syndrome ... of Metabolic Alkalosis ... #Nephrology #ABG
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... differentiating kidney ... Alkalosis: Emesis ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis ... #nephrology #low
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... Diagnosis ECF ... postchronic hypercapnia (acute ... • Severe potassium ... #Diagnosis #Causes
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... tubal acidosis and metabolic ... alkalosis, Ketonuria ... UNa > 20: • Acute ... #nephrology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
and Differential Diagnosis ... kidney injury). ... hypokalemia and metabolic ... alkalosis. 7. ... Neurologic disorders
Urine Microscopy - Casts
Acellular Casts
 • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
suggestive of acute ... in a variety of acute ... and chronic kidney ... #interpretation ... #diagnosis
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
resistance • Metabolic ... alkalosis • Familial ... • Diagnosis of ... Torsemide) • Acute ... stones caused by
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Renal failure (acute ... Chronic progressive kidney ... Potassium-sparing ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
- Differential Diagnosis ... Management Summary Causes ... Heat stroke - Metabolic ... nephrotoxicity to kidney ... Monitor potassium