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Primary Hyperoxaluria - A radiograph of the abdomen showed stones in the kidneys, bladder, and left
Primary Hyperoxaluria ... abdomen showed stones ... of the excreted stones ... Radiology #urology #Hyperoxaluria ... PrimaryHyperoxaluria #AGXT
Causes of Nephrolithiasis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Radio-opaque - Calcium-containing - 90% of stones
Radiolucent - Non-calcium 10%
Non-calcium 10% of stones ... Uric Acid Stones ... - Struvite Stones ... - 10% of stones ... protein intake Hyperoxaluria
Management of Pediatric Kidney Stones
Acute Managment:
 • Pain relief: NSAIDs, opioids
 • Facilitating passage of stone:
Pediatric Kidney Stones ... • Try retrieve stone ... Stent: < 2 cm stone ... URS: Ureteric stone ... Rx: • PRIMARY HYPEROXALURIA
Primary Hyperoxaluria - Diagnosis and Management Overview

Matthew Ho, MD PhD @MatthewHoMD

#Primary #Hyperoxaluria #Types #classification #diagnosis #management
Primary Hyperoxaluria ... MatthewHoMD #Primary #Hyperoxaluria
UROLITHIASIS 

80% of stones are composed of calcium oxalate or phosphate. Others include uric acid (9%),
UROLITHIASIS 80% of stones ... & cystine (1%) stones ... Struvite stones, ... Uric acid stone ... Cystine stones are
Kidney stone type, corresponding urine sediment, urinary risk factors, and associated clinical settings.
#Diagnosis #Nephrology #Urine #Microscopy
Kidney stone type ... Urinary #Kidney #Stones
Medications for Recurrent Calcium Oxalate (CaOx) Stones
HYPERCALCIURIA
 • Thiazides: HCT, Indapamide, Chlorthalidone
 • Consider after first
Oxalate (CaOx) Stones ... Consider after first stone ... kidney - Large stone ... risk in CaPO4 stones ... Oxalate #CaOx #Stones
Imaging Modalities for Renal Calculus

AXR. KUB
 - Good far calcium-containing stones useful when limited radiation dose
calcium-containing stones ... X-rays useful tor stone ... ureteric and renal stones ... Combines calcific stone ... Renal #Kidney #stones
Toxic Alcohol Ingestion
Alcoholic ketoacidosis - Methanol - Ethylene glycol - Isopropyl Alcohol
 • Metabolic Acidosis
 •
Serum / Urine Ketones ... AKI / Ca Oxalate stones
Causes of Biliary Dilatation - Differential Diagnosis
 • Physiological: ↑ Age, Cholecystectomy, Opioid dependence, Post-sphincterotomy
 •
diverticulum, AUPBD • Stones ... : Biliary stone(