27 results
Aqueous Humor Production and Drainage
 • Provides nutrition, removes wastes, and transports neurotransmitters to the avascular
Production and Drainage ... Pathway (~60-80 % of flow ... ) -> AH passes through ... Pathway (~20-40 % of flow ... #flow #Pathophysiology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypertensive: • High Al, Low ... Renin-secreting tumor • Low ... Vomiting, Nasogastric drainage ... #nephrology #causes ... #low #potassium
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
Vomiting / NG drainage ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Potassium #Table ... Classification #Causes
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Normal Acid-Base: Low ... Ureterosigmoidoscopy • HTN, Low ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium ... #low #pathophysiology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... treated with IV potassium ... wasting from other causes ... consumption • Low ... #nephrology #low
Etiologies of Hypoaldosteronism

Hyporeninemic Hypoaldosteronism (Low Renin, Low Aldosterone)
 - Diabetic Nephropathy 
 - NSAIDs
Non-Hyporeninemic Hypoaldosteronism (Normal
Hypoaldosteronism (Low ... Renin, Low Aldosterone ... or High Renin, Low ... Aldosterone #Comparison #Table ... #Causes
Cardiac Tamponade - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
Caused by an accumulation of blood, pus, effusion fluid
or iatrogenic causes ... help and inform clinical ... diagnosis and rapid drainage ... • Low tidal ... volume, low/no PEEP
ECMO circuit chatter - rhythmic pulsations in the drainage catheter/tubing leading to the pump
CHATTER occurs when
pulsations in the drainage ... decreasing pump flow ... Untreated it can cause ... ECMO #chatter #clinical
Adrenal Insufficiency Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical suspicion: Weakness, fatigue, nausea, musculoskeletal pain, dizziness, volume depletion, abdominal pain,
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Clinical suspicion ... Weakness, fatigue, nausea ... Baseline plasma ACTH Low ... insufficiency • Low