10 results
Aqueous Humor Production and Drainage
 • Provides nutrition, removes wastes, and transports neurotransmitters to the avascular
Production and Drainage ... 10-21 mmHg) AH ... ) -> AH passes through ... AqueousHumor #Production #Drainage ... #flow #Pathophysiology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Algorithm Cl- ... mineralocorticoid-like effect ... the indicated causes ... of sodium and potassium ... #urine #Algorithm
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium ... #low #pathophysiology
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
130 mEq/L • Potassium ... - Protective effects ... shift • Saline Causes ... decreased renal blood flow ... • Saline May Cause
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Vomiting, Nasogastric drainage ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #nephrology #causes ... #low #potassium
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... - Normal/low ... mineralocorticoid-like effect ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #urinary
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Intake: • Low ... • Fatigue Chloride ... #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Chloride
Digoxin Pharmacology and Pathophysiology
1) Na/K ATPase Pump - Digoxin works by directly binding to and inhibiting
Pharmacology and Pathophysiology ... intracellular calcium causes ... levels) is a side effect ... hypokalemia (or low ... #Pharmacology #Pathophysiology
Antiarrhythmics - Vaughan Williams Classification:
CLASS 1 - Sodium Channel Blockers:
 • MOA: Block fast Na+ channels
channel blocking effects ... of phase 4 to slow ... repolarization CLASS 3 - Potassium ... Classification #Classes ... #pathophysiology
Antiarrhythmics Pharmacology Summary
Cardiac Conduction Phases:
Phase 0 - Ventricular Depolarization:
 • Na+ channels open leading to a
open leading to slow ... channel blocking effects ... repolarization CLASS 3 - Potassium ... Classification #Classes ... #pathophysiology