10 results
Aqueous Humor Production and Drainage
 • Provides nutrition, removes wastes, and transports neurotransmitters to the avascular
and Drainage ... Pathway (~60-80 % of flow ... Pathway (~20-40 % of flow ... #Drainage #flow ... #Pathophysiology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Increased Cell Production ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium ... #low #pathophysiology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypertensive: • High Al, Low ... Renin-secreting tumor • Low ... Vomiting, Nasogastric drainage ... nephrology #causes #low ... #potassium
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
Vomiting / NG drainage ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Potassium #Table ... #Classification
Lymphomas and Lymphoproliferative Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hodgkin Lymphoma ~40% - Characteristic For Reed-Sternberg (RS) Cells
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... B-Cell ~90% • Low ... Grade - Slow growing ... Lymphoproliferative #Disorders #Classification ... #pathophysiology
Antiarrhythmics - Vaughan Williams Classification:
CLASS 1 - Sodium Channel Blockers:
 • MOA: Block fast Na+ channels
Strong Blockade, Slow ... of phase 4 to slow ... • MOA: Block slow ... and 4 to ↑ ERP (slow ... #Classes #pathophysiology
Antiarrhythmics Pharmacology Summary
Cardiac Conduction Phases:
Phase 0 - Ventricular Depolarization:
 • Na+ channels open leading to a
open leading to slow ... Strong Blockade, Slow ... of phase 4 to slow ... • MOA: Block slow ... and 4 to ↑ ERP (slow
Causes of Hypokalemia
I. Decreased intake
   A. Starvation
   B. Clay ingestion
II. Redistribution into
red blood cell production ... white blood cell production ... Increased distal flow ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Potassium #Classification
Uncommon Causes of Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema (NCPE) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema:
 • Accumulation
- Cough may be productive ... Tachypnea, - Low-grade ... epilepticus • Pathophysiology ... • Pathophysiology ... limiting lymphatic drainage
There are similarities and differences between these 3 conditions which all carry treatment implications. Each mimic
leads to massive production ... both conditions, low ... provided the starting potassium ... #differential #algorithm