24 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Vomiting / NG drainage ... proliferation - Hypokalemic ... #Differential # ... Classification #Causes
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... - Differential ... Defining the cause ... Vomiting, Nasogastric drainage ... #differential #
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia ... - Differential ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... potassium #low #pathophysiology
Aqueous Humor Production and Drainage
 • Provides nutrition, removes wastes, and transports neurotransmitters to the avascular
Production and Drainage ... 10-21 mmHg) AH ... % of flow) -> AH ... AqueousHumor #Production #Drainage ... #flow #Pathophysiology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... Vomiting, Nasogastric drainage ... Gitelman's syndrome #Hypokalemia ... #Differential # ... Algorithm #nephrology #causes
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation ... life threatening complications ... wasting from other causes ... suggests extra-renal causes ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential
Hyperkalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
R/O Pseudo-hyperkalemia:
 • Possible Lab error! Alwavs Repeat Blood sample!
 • Leukocytosis, Thrombocytosis:
Hyperkalemia Differential ... Algorithm R/O Pseudo-hyperkalemia ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... potassium #high #pathophysiology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
or small-bowel drainage ... Hypokalemia ... Hyperkalemia ... Drug-induced hyperkalemia ... Metabolic #Acidosis #differential
Conceptual Relationship between Volume Responsiveness and Volume Tolerance

Assessing for volume responsiveness would only tell you that
Causes of "Left ... decreased lymphatic drainage ... Challenge #Diagram #Differential ... #Pathophysiology
21-Hydroxylase Deficiency (21-OHD): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Autosomal recessive mutation in CYP21A2 coding for the enzyme 21-OHase
enzyme 21-OHase causes ... wasting crisis & hyperkalemia ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... : • Hyperkalemia ... #21HydroxylaseDeficiency #21OHD #pathophysiology