13 results
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acute or chronic ... Differentials? ... Metabolic acidosis ... /Chronic renal failure ... - Adrenal insufficiency
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Non-anion Gap Metabolic ... Hypokalemia ... Chronic progressive ... hyperkalemia (with renal insufficiency ... #Acidosis #differential
Causes of Fatigue - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Endocrine
 • Hypo/Hyperthyroidism
 • Diabetes
 • Pituitary Insufficiency
 • Adrenal
Causes of Fatigue - Differential ... • Pituitary Insufficiency ... • Adrenal Insufficiency ... Metabolic • ... Liver Failure • Hypercalcemia
Hyperuricemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary - Over-production
     • Increased turnover of nucleotides
Primary
Hyperuricemia - Differential ... (AML) • Chronic ... • Diabetic acidosis ... Sarcoidosis • Hypercalcemia ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... failure, acute or chronic ... thyrotoxicosis, adrenal insufficiency ... #Causes #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
Ketosis Disorders
Ketone bodies are a normal metabolic energy source. Excessive unregulated production of ketones, often accompanied
bodies are a normal metabolic ... ketoacidosis (AKA ... ) — seen in chronic ... Disorders #ketones #differential ... diagnosis #management #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Vitamin D metabolic ... Pheochromocytoma Chronic ... #Causes #endocrinology ... #diagnosis #differential
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
(NAGMA) - Differential ... HCO3 - Renal insufficiency ... Surgical drains - Chronic ... #Metabolic #NAGMA ... #Differential
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
Heat Stroke - Differential ... • Labs: - Metabolic ... - AKI - Liver ... tissue damage (AKI ... Hypoglycemia - Hypocalcemia
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... infusions) - Metabolic ... acidosis - Hyperkalemia ... deficiency • Renal insufficiency ... #hyperkalemia #differential