25 results
Liver Chemistry Tests - AST, ALT, Alkaline Phosphatase and Bilirubin Metabolism
AST and ALT:
 • AST: liver
Laboratory #Metabolism #ASTALT ... #AlkPhos #Bilirubin ... Pathophysiology #Diagnosis
Comparison of Causes of Salt-Wasting in Infancy
 - PHA 1
 - PHA 3
 - 21-OH CAH
Comparison of Causes of Salt-Wasting ... Hypoaldosteronism #Salt ... #differential #diagnosis ... #pediatrics #nephrology
Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) 
Type 1 - Failure of secretion
Type 2 - Bicarbonate wasting
Type 4 -
features and high salt ... classification #nephrology ... #diagnosis
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis ... Uric Acid → renal salt ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate water intake:
 • Lack of access to water
Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
- Differential Diagnosis ... insipidus Excessive salt ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Causes #nephrology
Cerebral Salt Wasting vs SIADH - Pathophysiology 
1) Neurological event
2) Sodium loss from tubules
3) Naturiesis →
Cerebral Salt Wasting ... Pathophysiology #diagnosis ... #nephrology #hyponatremia
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
- Differential Diagnosis ... corticoid deficiency, Salt-losing ... diuresis, Cerebral salt ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... Algorithm #Causes #nephrology
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
osmostat, Cerebral salt ... Hyponatremia #Algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis and Treatment
Hypernatremia is almost always due to unreplaced water loss (free water
- Differential Diagnosis ... Diagnosis is primarily ... Intake: salt water ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... Treatment #management #nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
- Differential Diagnosis ... Hypervolemic (Excess salt ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... Workup #Algorithm #nephrology