35 results
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Pathophysiology ... autosomal recessive salt-losing ... → Hypokalemia Metabolic ... #Syndrome #Pathophysiology ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Primary Metabolic ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Bartter Syndrome, Gitelman ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Bartter Syndrome, Gitelman ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
- Differential Diagnosis ... Kidney loss of Cl ... - Loss of Cl ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
- Differential Diagnosis ... Low intake • Metabolic ... Renal Losses: • Metabolic ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... potassium #low #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Chloride Algorithm Cl ... Kidney loss of Cl ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #diagnosis
Complications of CKD
 - Patients with stages 1-3 ([GFR] >30 mL/min) of CKD are generally asymptomatic;
1-3 ([GFR] >30 mL ... imbalances or endocrine/metabolic ... 4-5 (GFR < 30 mL ... #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #CKD
Approach to Elevated Bicarbonate (HCO3)
Risk Factors for Hypercapnea? (Hx of COPD, OSA, sedative use, CNS/muscular disorders?)
(+)
Gas) (-) Likely Metabolic ... Contraction Urine Cl ... Barter, or Gitelman ... Bicarbonate #Elevated #metabolic ... alkalosis #algorithm #diagnosis
Liver Chemistry Tests - AST, ALT, Alkaline Phosphatase and Bilirubin Metabolism
AST and ALT:
 • AST: liver
and Bilirubin Metabolism ... insult Bilirubin metabolism ... #ASTALT #AlkPhos ... Bilirubin #Hepatology #Pathophysiology ... #Diagnosis #LFTs
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
syndrome - Na-K-2Cl ... barrtin (recruits Cl ... ascending limb Gitelman ... Defects #Kidney #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Differential