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treatment differential hyponatremia algorithm syndrome gitelman hyperkalemia neurology pathophysiology causes pharmacology potassium renal siadh table acute ascites chronic ckd clamp
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren) • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia ... (Heparin) • Sodium-channel ... • Exogenous (KCL ... #differential #diagnosis ... pharmacology #potassium #medications
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
ON (UNa < 30): Hypovolemia ... > 30): SIADH, Medications ... osmostat, Cerebral salt ... Hyponatremia #Algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #nephrology
Drugs associated with hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia Hypokalemia - Shift from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid compartment -
associated with hypokalemia ... overdose) - Sodium ... hypomagnesemia #Medications ... #differential #diagnosis ... #nephrology #Causes
Algorithm for Management of Acute and Chronic Hyperkalemia Acute Hyperkalemia: - IV calcium (10 mL of 10%)
Algorithm for Management ... ) - IV sodium bicarbonate ... counseling (avoid salt ... /min) - Oral sodium ... Chronic #treatment #nephrology
Management of SIADH Treat underlying cause: • Causes can include pain, primary lung pathology, post-operative phenomenon, medications,
Management of SIADH ... post-operative phenomenon, medications ... promoting passive sodium ... SatyaPatelMD #SIADH #Management ... #hyponatremia #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
autosomal recessive salt-losing ... thiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride ... H+ secretion → Hypokalemia ... Pathophysiology #nephrology ... #diagnosis
The Urine / Plasma Electrolyte Ratio - Guide to Fluid Restriction in Hyponatremia • U/P Ratio
1 → FR < 1000 mL ... + Medication (Urea ... 1 → FR < 1200 mL ... #Hyponatremia #diagnosis ... #management #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... Etiology: • Medications ... STOP offending medications ... #Diagnosis #Management ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
: SIADH, Renal Sodium ... Present (Uosm ≥100): Hypovolemia ... #differential #diagnosis ... #table #sodium ... #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
salt-losing tubulopathies ... thiazide-sensitive sodium ... thiazide-sensitive sodium ... Gitelman #Syndrome #diagnosis ... #nephrology #management
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