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management differential hyponatremia syndrome algorithm gitelman hyperkalemia pathophysiology causes neurology pharmacology potassium siadh table acute chronic diuresis diuretics druginduced drugs
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren) • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia ... (Heparin) • Sodium-channel ... • Exogenous (KCL ... #differential #diagnosis ... pharmacology #potassium #medications
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
ON (UNa < 30): Hypovolemia ... > 30): SIADH, Medications ... osmostat, Cerebral salt ... Hyponatremia #Algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #nephrology
Drugs associated with hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia Hypokalemia - Shift from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid compartment -
associated with hypokalemia ... overdose) - Sodium ... hypomagnesemia #Medications ... #differential #diagnosis ... #nephrology #Causes
Algorithm for Management of Acute and Chronic Hyperkalemia Acute Hyperkalemia: - IV calcium (10 mL of 10%)
) - IV sodium bicarbonate ... counseling (avoid salt ... /min) - Oral sodium ... Acute #Chronic #treatment ... #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
autosomal recessive salt-losing ... thiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride ... H+ secretion → Hypokalemia ... Pathophysiology #nephrology ... #diagnosis
Management of SIADH Treat underlying cause: • Causes can include pain, primary lung pathology, post-operative phenomenon, medications,
post-operative phenomenon, medications ... tablets: • Start ... promoting passive sodium ... #hyponatremia #nephrology ... #treatment
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... Etiology: • Medications ... STOP offending medications ... #Diagnosis #Management ... #nephrology #K
SIADH Treatment Options 1. Treat underlying cause of SIADH: Pain, Primary lung pathology, Post-operative phenomenon, Medications, Basically
SIADH Treatment ... Post-operative phenomenon, Medications ... promoting passive sodium ... #hyponatremia #nephrology ... #treatment
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... thiazide-sensitive sodium ... Rhabdomyolysis Treatment ... Gitelman #Syndrome #diagnosis ... #nephrology #management
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
: SIADH, Renal Sodium ... Present (Uosm ≥100): Hypovolemia ... #differential #diagnosis ... #table #sodium ... #nephrology
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