21 results
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
Iron Deficiency ... Heart Failure Pathophysiology ... → Inflammation causes ... and iron release Diagnosis ... composite endpoint of all-cause
Schematic representation of the major sources of ammonia production and its excretory pathway (GI = gastrointestinal,
Multiple myeloma, CML ... , AML - Large ... Primary carnitine deficiency ... #Ammonia #Pathophysiology ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
include protein C deficiency ... Symptoms: • Salt ... Serum DHEAS Diagnosis ... Administer 250 mcg ... endocrinology #diagnosis
Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) Injury: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Classification of PCL Iniuries
 • Partial: Translation <
Cruciate Ligament (PCL ... structures, such as the ACL ... #Injury #MSK #Sports ... #pathophysiology ... classification #diagnosis
Venous Thrombosis vs Arterial Thrombosis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

VENOUS THROMBOSIS

 • Acquired Risk Factors:
	- >48 hours
- Differential Diagnosis ... considered in all ... coagulation and other causes ... Venous #Arterial #pathophysiology ... #differential #diagnosis
Medial Meniscus Bucket Handle Tear - MSK Radiology
Imaging Findings:
 • Truncation of the medial meniscus on
Handle Tear - MSK ... The "double PCL ... parallel to the PCL ... Case description ... #msk
Guide to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

What to ask/look for: 
 - HPI, PMH, full ROS
AKI) What to ask ... - Urine Na/K/Cl ... rhabdo/TLS) Causes ... AKI #Nephrology #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #Causes
Widened Pulse Pressure - Differential Diagnosis and Pathophysiology

Pulse pressure is the difference between the systolic blood
- Differential Diagnosis ... and Pathophysiology ... • Severe iron deficiency ... • Mitchell et al ... #Pathophysiology
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)
Pathophysiology: Triggering factor (infection,...)→Activation of CD8 T cells (IFN-y) → Excessive activation of macrophages
Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) Pathophysiology ... Ferritin >1000 ng/ml ... sIL-2R >2400 Ul/ml ... Cellular immune deficiency ... Drugs, Unknown cause
Intraoperative Anaphylaxis - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
• Unexplained hypotension
• Unexplained bronchospasm (wheeze may be absent
arrest where other causes ... pack. ❸ Remove all ... as a possible cause ... 4 ⓫ Take 5-10 ml ... Intraoperative #Checklist #Diagnosis