3330 results
Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Clinical features - Classic triad (flank pain, hematuria,
Diagnosis and Management ... bone pain and ↑ ALP ... Hypercalcemia 4. ↑ AST, ALT ... , and/or ALP 5. ... RCC #Diagnosis #Management
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis - Management
A. Initiate therapy 
 - Initiate 1st line therapy with UDCA (13-15
Biliary Cirrhosis - Management ... line therapy if ALP ... Non-pharmacological management ... non-pharmacological management ... Biliary #Cirrhosis #Management
Liver Chemistries - Interpretation of LFTs

R-value: Serum (ALT/ULN ALT) / (Alk phos/ULN ALP)
 • R >
/ULN ALT) / (Alk ... specificity to elevated ALP ... • AST/ALT > ALP ... GGT/5-NT: ↑ • ALP ... hemolysis) • ALP
Abnormal Liver Function Tests - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm for Transaminitis
Hepatocellular Pattern (ALT or AST > ALP):
or AST > ALP): ... • Severe - ALT ... • Moderate - ALT ... Cholestatic Pattern (ALP ... > ALT or AST):
Liver Function Test (LFTs) Elevation
AST - Cardiac and skeletal muscle, kidney, brain
ALT - More specific for
kidney, brain ALT ... for the liver ALP ... Transaminase, ALP ... / ULN ALT) / (ALP ... / ULN ALP)
Acute Liver Injury - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Vascular Causes of Acute Liver Injury: 
 • Hepatic vein:
specificity to elevated ALP ... • AST/ALT > ALP ... GGT/5-NT: ↑ - ALP ... disease - If ALP ... hemolysis) • ALP
Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy (AFLP)
Pathophysiology:
 • Defect in fetal free fatty acid metabolism products →
of Pregnancy (AFLP ... Findings: • ↑AST/ALT ... , ↑Tbili/Dbili/AP ... Intrahepatic Cholestasis Management ... obgyn #diagnosis #management
Liver Enzymes (LFTs) - Causes of Hepatocellular and Cholestatic Liver Injury
Hepatocellular Liver Injury
 • AST/ALT elevation
Injury • AST/ALT ... elevation > Alk ... phos • ALT more ... • R value = (ALT ... + ULN ALT) / (alkaline
Liver Chemistry Tests - AST, ALT, Alkaline Phosphatase and Bilirubin Metabolism
AST and ALT:
 • AST: liver
Chemistry Tests - AST, ALT ... Metabolism AST and ALT ... cytoplasmic (CAST) • ALT ... clearance - AP ... bile canaliculi (ATP-dependent
Elevated Liver Enzymes - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Severe ALT > 15x ULN
 • Viral
 • Drugs/Toxins
 •
Algorithm Severe ALT ... • Pregnancy - AFLP ... HELLP Moderate ALT ... • Others Mild ALT