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differential nephrology causes hypokalemia algorithm classification high constipation diuresis excretion hypomagnesemia hypomg k magnesium management pharmacology renal treatment workup
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism Decreased GI Uptake - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Renal Loses - Medications ... - Uncontrolled diabetes ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Low #Magnesium ... #Table #Classification
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation • Erythropoiesis
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Thyrotoxicosis Medications ... • Discontinued diuretic ... #potassium
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Poor Intake - Starvation - Anorexia GI Losses - Vomiting / NG
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Poor ... Urinary Losses - Diuretics ... #Low #Potassium ... #Table #Classification
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
Diagnosis Framework ... • K sparing diuretics ... (Uncontrolled diabetes ... Medications 2. ... #causes #potassium
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... Etiology: • Medications ... Elimination (see Table ... acidosis) • Low ... #Treatment #potassium
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
Diagnosis Framework ... • K sparing diuretics ... • Recent IV potassium ... (Uncontrolled diabetes ... Medications 2.
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... • Nephrogenic diabetes ... #Pharmacology #Medications ... #Table
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm for hypokalemia. ***Typical presentations: • Vomiting: urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low urine
Pragmatic diagnostic ... urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low ... Cl; • Active diuretic ... correcting serum potassium ... Other medications
Causes of Constipation in Adults Most common - Inadequate fiber or fluid intake - Poor bowel habits Systemic
hyperparathyroidism, diabetes ... , hypercalcemia, ... autonomic neuropathy Medications ... - Opioids - Diuretics ... #Differential #Diagnosis
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