14 results
Primary and Secondary Causes of Mitral Regurgitation
Primary (organic) chronic mitral regurgitation:
 • Leaflet: Rheumatic fever, Infective
Primary and Secondary ... Causes of Mitral ... Regurgitation Primary ... • Prosthetic valve ... #differential #
Causes of Severe Aortic Regurgitation - Differential Diagnosis
Acute:
 • Leaflet: Traumatic Rupture, Acute Infective Endocarditis, Acute
Causes of Severe ... - Differential ... Acute Prosthetic Valve ... Aortic Aneurysms and ... #Differential #
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
mitral regurgitation ... Marantic (NTBE) Differential ... Paradoxical emboli via ASD ... -> TEE • Duke Criteria ... Substance use: R > L Tricuspid
Right-Sided Heart Failure - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cardiac Causes - Rule out Left-Sided Heart Failure (Most Common):
Heart Failure - Differential ... Cardiomyopathy - Valves ... Stenosis • Tricuspid ... Regurgitation ... Embolism • Primary
Widened Pulse Pressure - Differential Diagnosis and Pathophysiology

Pulse pressure is the difference between the systolic blood
Pulse Pressure - Differential ... Physiologic Causes ... sclerosis (both heart valve ... • Infective Endocarditis ... ) • Tricuspid
Causes of Primary and Functional Mitral Regurgitation (MR) 
Causes of primary mitral regurgitation
 - Rheumatic heart
Causes of Primary ... Infective/marantic endocarditis ... parachute mitral valve ... #Causes #Primary ... #Functional #Differential
CREAM Mnemonic for Causes of Aortic Regurgitation

C - Congenital (Bicuspid Aortic Valve)
R - Rheumatic disease -
CREAM Mnemonic for Causes ... - Congenital (Bicuspid ... Aortic Valve) ... endemic areas E - Endocarditis ... #Causes #Differential
Coronary Artery Embolism - Etiology and Scoring
Etiology:
 • Direct: Clot (LV thrombus, LAA Thrombus), Valve (Vegetation,
LAA Thrombus), Valve ... - Most Common Cause ... , PFO, ASD, h/o ... cardiac surgery, endocarditis ... Embolism #diagnosis #differential
Hemoptysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Massive Hemoptysis: >150-300 mL in 24h
Airway disease: 
 • Bronchitis, Bronchiectasis, Malignancy
Hemoptysis - Differential ... • Malignancy: Primary ... Mitral stenosis or regurgitation ... , Tricuspid endocarditis ... Diagnosis #pulmonary #causes
Endocarditis - Overview and Differential Diagnosis Framework

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV
and Differential ... Paradoxical emboli via ASD ... → TEE • Duke Criteria ... substance use: R > L Tricuspid ... #Endocarditis #Differential