13 results
Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) with Shunting on Echocardiogram with Contrast (a4c)

An elderly patient with dyspnea -
Atrial Septal Defect ... (ASD) with Shunting ... with dyspnea - ASD ... Ivan_Echocardio #Atrial ... Septal #Defect #ASD
ASD on Bubble Contrast Echocardiogram (a4c)
A patient with an anterior STEMI (take a look at the
ASD on Bubble Contrast ... previously undiagnosed ASD ... Ivan_Echocardio #atrial ... septal #defect #ASD ... cardiology #pocus #shunting
Giant dilated left atrium on Echocardiogram (a4c)
It belongs to a 92-year old lady with a history
Giant dilated left atrium ... Mitral valve doesn ... ASD with R/L shunting ... dilated #left #atrium ... #a4c #Echocardiogram
Stroke Etiologies
Hemorrhagic (IPH, SAH)
Ischemic
 - Large Vessel Atherosclerosis
 - Cardioembolic: Atrial fib, prosthetic valves, LV aneurysm,
Cardioembolic: Atrial ... fib, prosthetic valves ... , LV aneurysm, Endocarditis ... Hypercoagulable states, PFO and ... #causes #differential
Causes of Ischemic Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Important to determine and treat the etiology behind because
Causes of Ischemic Stroke ... - Differential ... * • Valvular: Mitral ... stenosis, Prosthetic valve ... • Endocarditis
Widened Pulse Pressure - Differential Diagnosis and Pathophysiology

Pulse pressure is the difference between the systolic blood
Pulse Pressure = Stroke ... sclerosis (both heart valve ... of developing atrial ... mmHg developed atrial ... • Infective Endocarditis
Coronary Artery Embolism - Etiology and Scoring
Etiology:
 • Direct: Clot (LV thrombus, LAA Thrombus), Valve (Vegetation,
LAA Thrombus), Valve ... non-culprit vessels • Atrial ... , PFO, ASD, h/o ... cardiac surgery, endocarditis ... Embolism #diagnosis #differential
Causes of mitral stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
 - Most common cause worldwide. Commissural fusion, thick MV leaflets
Causes of mitral ... disease Infective endocarditis ... vegetations)/tumor (left atrial ... myxoma)/ball valve ... Causes #diagnosis #differential
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
• Prosthetic valve ... mitral regurgitation ... Libman Sacks) • Atrial ... Marantic (NTBE) Differential ... Paradoxical emboli via ASD
Negative Contrast Effect in Right Atrium - Differential Diagnosis
1. Small secundum ASD or PFO with left
Effect in Right Atrium ... Small secundum ASD ... Effect #Right #Atrium ... cardiology #clinical #echocardiogram ... #s4c #pocus #bubble