12 results
Schematic examples of the cause of acute mitral regurgitation. 
LV, left ventricle; PM, papillary mucle; SAM,
of acute mitral ... Regurgitation #MR ... #Diagnosis #Causes ... #Acute #Differential ... #Cardiology
Causes of Primary and Functional Mitral Regurgitation (MR) 
Causes of primary mitral regurgitation
 - Rheumatic heart
Causes of Primary ... ) Causes of primary ... Infective/marantic endocarditis ... #Functional #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology
Systolic Murmurs - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Benign / Flow / Hyperdynamic:
 • Pregnancy
 • Fever
 • Anemia
Supravalvular
Systolic Murmurs - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Systolic #Murmurs #Cardiology ... #Differential # ... #causes
Primary and Secondary Causes of Mitral Regurgitation
Primary (organic) chronic mitral regurgitation:
 • Leaflet: Rheumatic fever, Infective
and Secondary Causes ... fever, Infective endocarditis ... Regurgitation #differential ... #diagnosis #cardiology ... #causes #primary
Giant dilated left atrium on Echocardiogram (a4c)
It belongs to a 92-year old lady with a history
(a4c) It belongs ... MR was only mild ... Mitral valve doesn ... ASD with R/L shunting ... #clinical #cardiology
Causes of mitral stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
 - Most common cause worldwide. Commissural fusion, thick MV leaflets
Causes of mitral ... chordae Severe mitral ... disease Infective endocarditis ... #diagnosis #differential ... #cardiology
Intracardiac Septal Masses / Thickening on Echocardiogram - Differential Diagnosis - 4 separate cases:
Case 1: LV
Thickening on Echocardiogram ... - Differential ... Diagnosis - 4 separate ... #clinical #a4c ... #Diagnosis #cardiology
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
Involves aortic and mitral ... Septic Emboli Cause ... Marantic (NTBE) Differential ... Treat underlying cause ... #cardiology
Widened Pulse Pressure - Differential Diagnosis and Pathophysiology

Pulse pressure is the difference between the systolic blood
Pulse Pressure - Differential ... • Infective Endocarditis ... • Mitral Regurgitation ... • Mitral Stenosis ... #causes #cardiology
Coronary Artery Embolism - Etiology and Scoring
Etiology:
 • Direct: Clot (LV thrombus, LAA Thrombus), Valve (Vegetation,
- Most Common Cause ... cardiac surgery, endocarditis ... Artery #Embolism #diagnosis ... #differential # ... scoring #criteria #cardiology