9 results
Causes of mitral stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
 - Most common cause worldwide. Commissural fusion, thick MV leaflets
Causes of mitral ... disease Infective endocarditis ... vegetations)/tumor (left atrial ... myxoma)/ball valve ... #diagnosis #differential
Giant dilated left atrium on Echocardiogram (a4c)
It belongs to a 92-year old lady with a history
on Echocardiogram ... (a4c) It belongs ... Mitral valve doesn ... ASD with R/L shunting ... #a4c #Echocardiogram
Negative Contrast Effect in Right Atrium - Differential Diagnosis
1. Small secundum ASD or PFO with left
Negative Contrast ... - Differential ... Small secundum ASD ... cardiology #clinical #echocardiogram ... #s4c #pocus #bubble
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
Involves aortic and mitral ... Libman Sacks) • Atrial ... Septic Emboli Cause ... Marantic (NTBE) Differential ... Paradoxical emboli via ASD
Causes of Primary and Functional Mitral Regurgitation (MR) 
Causes of primary mitral regurgitation
 - Rheumatic heart
Causes of Primary ... Infective/marantic endocarditis ... plane into left atrium ... valve - Secondary ... #Functional #Differential
Widened Pulse Pressure - Differential Diagnosis and Pathophysiology

Pulse pressure is the difference between the systolic blood
sclerosis (both heart valve ... of developing atrial ... mmHg developed atrial ... • Infective Endocarditis ... • Mitral Stenosis
Coronary Artery Embolism - Etiology and Scoring
Etiology:
 • Direct: Clot (LV thrombus, LAA Thrombus), Valve (Vegetation,
- Most Common Cause ... non-culprit vessels • Atrial ... , PFO, ASD, h/o ... cardiac surgery, endocarditis ... Embolism #diagnosis #differential
Endocarditis - Overview and Differential Diagnosis Framework

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV
and Differential ... involves aortic and mitral ... Libman Sacks) • Atrial ... Septic emboli cause ... #Endocarditis #Differential
Ebstein Anomaly on Echocardiogram

Ebstein anomaly. The tricuspid valve is ALWAYS more apically displaced than the mitral
Ebstein Anomaly on Echocardiogram ... displaced than the mitral ... commonest congenital cause ... associated with an atrial ... #cardiology #a4c