14 results
Primary and Secondary Causes of Mitral Regurgitation
Primary (organic) chronic mitral regurgitation:
 • Leaflet: Rheumatic fever, Infective
Leaflet: Rheumatic fever ... • Prosthetic valve ... annulus valve: ... Regurgitation #differential ... #diagnosis #cardiology
Fever Patterns - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Continuous Fever:
Temp > 38°C with only 1 degree fluctuation in 24
Differential Diagnosis ... Acute bacterial endocarditis ... with profound hemolysis ... #Patterns #Differential ... #Diagnosis #intermittent
Hemolytic Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Sickle cells - Consider sickle cell disease (diverse genotypes):
- Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... mechanical cardiac valve ... bartonella (oroya fever ... #workup #hematology
Hemolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

1) Environment
  - Fragmentation
  - MAHA: TTP, HUS, DIC, HELLP
Hemolysis - Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... HELLP - Grafts, Valves ... Hypophostphatemia Laboratory ... Diagnosis #hematology
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
Involves aortic and mitral ... night sweats, fever ... Marantic (NTBE) Differential ... Persistent bacteremia/fevers ... #Endocarditis #diagnosis
Causes of Thrombocytopenia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Decreased Production:
 - Drugs (chemo, yang, sulfa, acetaminophen, NSAIDs, quinine,
Diagnosis Framework ... quinine, etc) - Viral ... - Mechanical: valve ... replacement, endocarditis ... #hematology
Elevated Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

LDH is a cytoplasmic enzyme present in tissues throughout
Dehydrogenase (LDH) - Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... - Prosthetic valves ... myocarditis, rheumatic fever ... #diagnosis #Laboratory
TTP - Laboratory Evaluation for Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

Activity of von Willebrand factor-cleaving protease activity - A
TTP - Laboratory ... activity - A low value ... If the value is ... WBC count and differential ... #Workup #Hematology
Purpura - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Non-blanchable, dark red to purple, hemorrhagic skin lesions that result from leakage
Purpura - Differential ... DIC/TTP/HUS - Hemolytic ... mountain spotted fever ... • Bacterial endocarditis ... #Diagnosis #hematology
Cold Agglutinin Disease

3 Types of Cold Sensitive Antibodies:
  1. Cold Agglutinins (CAD)
  2. Donath-Landsteiner
- Polyclonal - Viral ... Diagnosis: • hemolytic ... younger pts) Differential ... Symptoms: High fevers ... #anemia #hematology