12 results
Primary and Secondary Causes of Mitral Regurgitation
Primary (organic) chronic mitral regurgitation:
 • Leaflet: Rheumatic fever, Infective
, Infective endocarditis ... , Infective endocarditis ... • Prosthetic valve ... annulus valve: ... Regurgitation #differential
Fever Patterns - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Continuous Fever:
Temp > 38°C with only 1 degree fluctuation in 24
Differential Diagnosis ... Pyogenic/focal infection ... arthritis • Infective ... with profound hemolysis ... #Patterns #Differential
Hemolytic Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Sickle cells - Consider sickle cell disease (diverse genotypes):
- Differential ... mechanical cardiac valve ... inclusions - If infection ... bartonella (oroya fever ... Algorithm #workup #hematology
Causes of Thrombocytopenia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Decreased Production:
 - Drugs (chemo, yang, sulfa, acetaminophen, NSAIDs, quinine,
quinine, etc) - Viral ... infiltration: malignancy, infection ... - Mechanical: valve ... replacement, endocarditis ... Diagnosis #Framework #hematology
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
Involves aortic and mitral ... night sweats, fever ... Marantic (NTBE) Differential ... Paradoxical emboli via ASD ... Persistent bacteremia/fevers
Elevated Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

LDH is a cytoplasmic enzyme present in tissues throughout
Dehydrogenase (LDH) - Differential ... - Prosthetic valves ... ratio < 1.5) from viral ... • Toxins • Infection ... myocarditis, rheumatic fever
Extra-articular and Other Conditions Associated with Joint Pain

Eyes
  • Iritis or uveitis - Spondyloarthropathies, Sarcoidosis,
infection • ... Subacute bacterial endocarditis ... Cardiovascular system • Mitral ... infection, Amyloidosis ... #joint #pain #differential
Purpura - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Non-blanchable, dark red to purple, hemorrhagic skin lesions that result from leakage
Purpura - Differential ... DIC/TTP/HUS - Hemolytic ... CTD (SLE) - Viral ... mountain spotted fever ... • Bacterial endocarditis
Cold Agglutinin Disease

3 Types of Cold Sensitive Antibodies:
  1. Cold Agglutinins (CAD)
  2. Donath-Landsteiner
infection, autoimmune ... Infection Clinical ... younger pts) Differential ... Symptoms: High fevers ... #anemia #hematology
Causes of Petechial Rash - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Pinpoint areas (less than 2 mm) of hemorrhage, which
Petechial Rash - Differential ... - Trauma - Infection ... Red Flags: • Fever ... Schonlein Purpura - Endocarditis ... Microscopic) - Viral