10 results
Primary and Secondary Causes of Mitral Regurgitation
Primary (organic) chronic mitral regurgitation:
 • Leaflet: Rheumatic fever, Infective
Regurgitation Primary ... cleft, cushion defects ... #differential # ... diagnosis #cardiology ... #causes #primary
Causes of Primary and Functional Mitral Regurgitation (MR) 
Causes of primary mitral regurgitation
 - Rheumatic heart
Causes of Primary ... Infective/marantic endocarditis ... #Causes #Primary ... #Functional #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology
Hemoptysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Massive Hemoptysis: >150-300 mL in 24h
Airway disease: 
 • Bronchitis, Bronchiectasis, Malignancy
Diagnosis Framework ... • Malignancy: Primary ... Mitral stenosis or regurgitation ... , Tricuspid endocarditis ... #causes
Purpura - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Non-blanchable, dark red to purple, hemorrhagic skin lesions that result from leakage
Purpura - Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... /Quantity: • Primary ... • Bacterial endocarditis ... #Diagnosis #hematology
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
aortic and mitral regurgitation ... Septic Emboli Cause ... Marantic (NTBE) Differential ... Paradoxical emboli via ASD ... Marantic: Emboli > Regurgitation
Coronary Artery Embolism - Etiology and Scoring
Etiology:
 • Direct: Clot (LV thrombus, LAA Thrombus), Valve (Vegetation,
Etiology: • Direct ... - Most Common Cause ... cardiac surgery, endocarditis ... Artery #Embolism #diagnosis ... #differential #
Endocarditis - Overview and Differential Diagnosis Framework

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV
and Differential ... aortic and mitral regurgitation ... Paradoxical emboli via ASD ... Marantic: Emboli > Regurgitation ... #Differential #
Negative Contrast Effect in Right Atrium - Differential Diagnosis
1. Small secundum ASD or PFO with left
Right Atrium - Differential ... Diagnosis 1. ... Small secundum ASD ... echocardiogram #s4c ... #pocus #bubble
Upper Lobe Lung Diseases - STAR CHASERS Mnemonic

S - Silicosis
T - Tuberculosis
A - Ankylosing Spondylitis
R -
toxic substances primarily ... affect the apices ... in acute mitral regurgitation ... lung #diseases #differential ... #diagnosis #mnemonic
Pyogenic liver abscess in children
Common bacterial causes in children:
 • S.aureus
 • Strep spp
 • Enteric
Common bacterial causes ... infection: • Direct ... artery (e.g., endocarditis ... children #peds #differential ... #diagnosis #hepatology