10 results
Causes of mitral stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
 - Most common cause worldwide. Commissural fusion, thick MV leaflets
kidney disease Congenital ... papillary muscle), congenitally ... vegetations)/tumor (left atrial ... stenosis #Causes #diagnosis ... #differential #cardiology
Giant dilated left atrium on Echocardiogram (a4c)
It belongs to a 92-year old lady with a history
Giant dilated left atrium ... Mitral valve doesn ... ASD with R/L shunting ... dilated #left #atrium ... #clinical #cardiology
Atrial Fibrillation (A-Fib) Summary

Symptoms:
• Palpitations, light-headedness, dizziness, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, chest pain, near-syncope, syncope.

Why?
Cardiac:
	• Valvular heart
Atrial Fibrillation ... risk factors Atrial ... left atria, the ... identify left atrial ... #management #cardiology
Palpitations - Differential Diagnosis Framework

What?
• It is an unpleasant awareness or sensation that the heart is
Paroxysmal AF, atrial ... flutter, or atrial ... Arrhythmias: • Atrial ... • Multifocal atrial ... heart failure • Mitral
Causes of Primary and Functional Mitral Regurgitation (MR) 
Causes of primary mitral regurgitation
 - Rheumatic heart
Functional Mitral ... plane into left atrium ... inferior wall - Congenital ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Cardiology
Negative Contrast Effect in Right Atrium - Differential Diagnosis
1. Small secundum ASD or PFO with left
Effect in Right Atrium ... Small secundum ASD ... Effect #Right #Atrium ... #cardiology #clinical ... echocardiogram #s4c
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
Prosthetic valve • Congenital ... mitral regurgitation ... Libman Sacks) • Atrial ... Paradoxical emboli via ASD ... #management #cardiology
The location of the cardiac valves is best determined on the lateral radiograph.
A line is drawn
mitral valves sit ... enlargement of the left atrium ... #Clinical #Diagnosis ... #Radiology #CXR ... #Localization #Mitral
Ebstein Anomaly on Echocardiogram

Ebstein anomaly. The tricuspid valve is ALWAYS more apically displaced than the mitral
displaced than the mitral ... the commonest congenital ... associated with an atrial ... Echocardiogram #cardiology ... #a4c
Endocarditis - Overview and Differential Diagnosis Framework

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV
Differential Diagnosis ... Prosthetic valve • Congenital ... mitral regurgitation ... Libman Sacks) • Atrial ... Paradoxical emboli via ASD