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differential algorithm management potassium syndrome pathophysiology table urine alkalosis causes chloride defects diuresis diuretics epithelial hyperkalemia inherited low medications metabolic
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
nephron → - ↑ K+ ... and ↑ H+ secretion ... → Hypokalemia Metabolic ... Pathophysiology #nephrology ... #diagnosis
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine Urine K+
patients with hypokalemia ... ↑ Aldosterone: Kidney ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... differential #algorithm #diagnosis ... #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome - Diagnosis and Workup Blood Work: - Hypokalemia - Hypomagnesemia - Metabolic Alkalosis - Elevated
Gitelman Syndrome ... Blood Work: - Hypokalemia ... Inappropriate renal K+ ... - Fractional excretion ... #Workup #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation ... differentiating kidney ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... #diagnosis #Algorithm ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter Bartter
Inherited Defects in Kidney ... syndrome - Na-K- ... cotransporter, K ... ascending limb Gitelman ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... Excretion: ... suggests ↓ renal excretion ... Calcium 2-3g IV Ca-gluconate ... #nephrology #K
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... result of increased excretion ... in the proximal tubule ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #diagnosis
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... distal convoluted tubule ... Rhabdomyolysis Treatment ... #Syndrome #diagnosis ... #nephrology #management
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
Regulating Renal Excretion ... disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... Diuretics #Renal #Excretion ... #Diuresis #Nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
- Differential Diagnosis ... myopathies - Excess exertion ... nephrotoxicity to kidney ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #nephrology
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