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differential algorithm causes treatment alkalosis calculation chloride fena fractional gitelman hyperkalemia hypernatremia hypokalemia hyponatremia k kidney metabolic nephrolithiasis pathophysiology pediatrics
Fractional Excretion of Sodium - FENa Fractional Excretion of Sodium (FENa) = (Urine Na+ x Serum Cr)
) = (Urine Na+ x ... / (Serum Na+ x Urine ... - Strong Medicine ... #Sodium #nephrology ... #calculation #diagnosis
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Urea/uric acid excretion ... Sodium 4) Serum ... Uric Acid - Low ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium #low #uricacid
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Excess Intake of Water: • Primary polydipsia (a.k.a. "psychogenic polydipsia") •
- Differential Diagnosis ... • Central Dl (Low ... Mimics (↑ urine ... - Strong Medicine ... #Causes #nephrology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L High
- Differential Diagnosis ... water loss, Serum Sodium ... diuresis (see Polyuria ... mannitol, glucosuria Low ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Normal/low ... in the proximal tubule ... sodium is typically ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #diagnosis
Management of Pediatric Kidney Stones Acute Managment: • Pain relief: NSAIDs, opioids • Facilitating passage of stone:
Management of Pediatric ... Kidney Stones Acute Managment ... protein - Low ... sodium diet ... #Pediatrics #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
- Differential Diagnosis ... Framework and Management ... Heat injury, Heat stroke ... Weakness - Dark urine ... #treatment #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
• ↓ Renal K+ Excretion ... lysis) ± Urine ... suggests ↓ renal excretion ... acidosis) • Low ... #potassium #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... Gitelman #Syndrome #diagnosis ... #nephrology #management
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