11 results
Fractional Excretion of Sodium - FENa
Fractional Excretion of Sodium (FENa) = (Urine Na+ x Serum Cr)
) = (Urine Na+ x ... / (Serum Na+ x Urine ... - Strong Medicine ... #Sodium #nephrology ... #calculation #diagnosis
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Urea/uric acid excretion ... Sodium 4) Serum ... Uric Acid - Low ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium #low #uricacid
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis
Excess Intake of Water:
 • Primary polydipsia (a.k.a. "psychogenic polydipsia")
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... • Central Dl (Low ... Mimics (↑ urine ... - Strong Medicine ... #Causes #nephrology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
- Differential Diagnosis ... water loss, Serum Sodium ... diuresis (see Polyuria ... mannitol, glucosuria Low ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Normal/low ... in the proximal tubule ... sodium is typically ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #diagnosis
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
- Differential Diagnosis ... Framework and Workup ... • Impaired H+ secretion ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Workup #nephrology
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
Workup for Hypophosphatemia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... leukemia Measure Urine ... Fractional Excretion ... #phosphate #nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
- Differential Diagnosis ... Workup Algorithm ... 1) Check Urine ... • Euvolemic (Low ... #nephrology #sodium
How do you work up an ischemic CVA?
A) Initial Evaluation
 • ABCs
 • IV access, monitor
How do you work ... suspicion) • +/- bubble ... ischemic #CVA #stroke ... #workup #diagnosis ... #checklist #neurology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
• ↓ Renal K+ Excretion ... reabsorption) Workup ... lysis) ± Urine ... acidosis) • Low ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology