13 results
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ... ↓ Aldosterone: Cushing ... #urine #potassium ... differential #algorithm #diagnosis ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Carbenoxolone, SAME, Cushing ... Algorithm #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Al, Normal R - Cushing's ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #causes #low #potassium
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis
Excess Intake of Water:
 • Primary polydipsia (a.k.a. "psychogenic polydipsia")
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... • Central Dl (Low ... Mimics (↑ urine ... - Strong Medicine ... #Causes #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
A urine K/Cr ratio ... • Diarrhea A urine ... consumption • Low ... #diagnosis #Algorithm ... #nephrology #low
Hypokalemia Diagnostic Algorithm
To assess potassium excretion: perform 24-hour urine collection or alternatively obtain potassium-to-creatinine ratio on
Hypokalemia Diagnostic ... perform 24-hour urine ... #Hypokalemia #Diagnosis ... Algorithm #TTKG #nephrology ... #low #potassium
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
alkalosis • Normal or low ... (renal potassium ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... Gitelman #Syndrome #diagnosis ... #nephrology #management
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
: Differential Diagnosis ... hyperaldosteronism) • Severe Cushing ... other • Severe potassium ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Causes #nephrology
Cushing's Syndrome - Hypercortisolism - Diagnosis and Clinical Features
1) Skin
 • Thin, easily bruisable skin with
purple abdominal striae ... hyperglycemia —+ mild polyuria ... Cataracts Labs: Hypokalemia ... ↑ 24-hour urine ... levels following a low-dose
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm for hypokalemia. 
***Typical presentations: 
 • Vomiting: urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low urine
Pragmatic diagnostic ... Na/Cl > 1.6, low ... correcting serum potassium ... #diagnosis #differential ... #algorithm #nephrology