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differential algorithm sodium causes management hypernatremia treatment alkalosis checklist chloride criteria cushings cva endocrinology framework gitelman hepatorenal hrs hypercortisolism hypokalemia
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis ... Workup Algorithm ... 1) Check Urine ... • Euvolemic (Low ... #nephrology #sodium
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L High
- Differential Diagnosis ... diuresis (see Polyuria ... mannitol, glucosuria Low ... Urine Osmolality ... #Nephrology #Differential
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses •
Based Approach to Hyponatremia ... Hypothyroidism, Low ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #low #nephrology
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Excess Intake of Water: • Primary polydipsia (a.k.a. "psychogenic polydipsia") •
- Differential Diagnosis ... • Central Dl (Low ... Mimics (↑ urine ... - Strong Medicine ... #Causes #nephrology
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
Workup for Hypophosphatemia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... leukemia Measure Urine ... • Normal or Low ... #phosphate #nephrology
Hepatorenal Syndrome Diagnosis • ↑ in serum Cr of ≥ 0.3mg/dL above baseline
Hepatorenal Syndrome ... Diagnosis • ↑ ... type 2 HRS) • Low ... urine Na+ (<10 ... #nephrology #criteria
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
volume-based algorithm Urine ... can be high or low ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #differential #diagnosis ... table #sodium #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis ... 3 questions to work ... Measure urine osmolality ... demyelination syndrome ... Treatment #management #nephrology
How do you work up an ischemic CVA? A) Initial Evaluation • ABCs • IV access, monitor
How do you work ... suspicion) • +/- bubble ... ischemic #CVA #stroke ... #workup #diagnosis ... #checklist #neurology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Normal/low ... , Gitelman syndrome ... in the proximal tubule ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #diagnosis
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