13 results
Localization of Renal Tubular Defects
Fanconi Syndrome: Proximal tubule
Bartter Syndrome: Thick ascending loop of Henle
Gitelman Syndrome: Distal
Bartter Syndrome ... Liddle Syndrome ... #Liddle #Syndrome ... Nephron #Defects #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Low Aldosterone: Liddle's ... thiazide diuretics, Bartter ... syndrome, Gitelman ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... potassium #low #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Cl-: Diuretics, Bartter ... Syndrome, Gitelman ... , Liddle syndrome ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Causes
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
acid transporter Bartter ... syndrome - Na-K ... ascending limb Gitelman ... Liddle syndrome ... Defects #Kidney #Nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... • Diuretics, Bartter's ... syndrome, Gitelman's ... glycyrrhizic acid, Liddle's ... #nephrology #potassium
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... deficiency • Liddle ... actively working • Bartter ... furosemide-like lesion) • Gitelman ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
glycyrrhizic acid, Liddle's ... h - Diuretics, Bartter's ... syndrome, Gitelman's ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #causes #low #potassium
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
wasting from other causes ... suggests extra-renal causes ... mineralocorticoid excess, Liddle's ... Emesis, Diuretics, Bartter ... syndrome, Gitelman
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... distal convoluted tubule ... • Bartter syndrome ... • Pseudo Bartter-Gitelman ... #pathophysiology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Cl-: Diuretics, Bartter ... Syndrome, Gitelman ... , Liddle syndrome ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Causes