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nephrology differential algorithm hypokalemia causes low alkalosis chloride defects metabolic urine acute epithelial fanconi hypochloremia inherited injury kidney liddle localization
Localization of Renal Tubular Defects Fanconi Syndrome: Proximal tubule Bartter Syndrome: Thick ascending loop of Henle Gitelman Syndrome: Distal
Bartter Syndrome ... #Fanconi #Bartter ... #Nephron #Defects ... #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Gitelman Syndrome ... Gitelman Syndrome ... delivery to distal nephron ... #Syndrome #Pathophysiology ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
- Differential Diagnosis ... thiazide diuretics, Bartter ... syndrome, Gitelman ... Algorithm #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... • Bartter syndrome ... • Pseudo Bartter-Gitelman ... #Syndrome #diagnosis ... #pathophysiology
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter Bartter
acid transporter Bartter ... syndrome - Na-K ... ascending limb Gitelman ... Defects #Kidney #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Differential
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypertensive: • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis ... h - Diuretics, Bartter's ... syndrome, Gitelman's ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #causes #low #potassium
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... Emesis, Diuretics, Bartter ... syndrome, Gitelman ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis ... #nephrology #low
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine Urine K+
Mg2+ deficiency, Bartter ... syndrome, Gitelman ... #urine #potassium ... differential #algorithm #diagnosis ... #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
- Differential Diagnosis ... • Diuretics, Bartter's ... syndrome, Gitelman's ... #differential #diagnosis ... #potassium
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L • Gastric alkalosis:
: Differential Diagnosis ... actively working • Bartter ... furosemide-like lesion) • Gitelman ... other • Severe potassium ... #Causes #nephrology
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