11 results
Primary and Secondary Causes of Mitral Regurgitation
Primary (organic) chronic mitral regurgitation:
 • Leaflet: Rheumatic fever, Infective
• Prosthetic valve ... muscle rupture, Left ... annulus valve: ... #differential #diagnosis ... #cardiology #causes
Atrial Fibrillation on POCUS Echocardiogram (A4C)

35yoF presents with acute onset atrial fibrillation.  POCUS shows dilated
Echocardiogram (A4C ... POCUS shows dilated ... left atrium & poor ... mitral valve coaptation ... Echocardiogram #A4C
Giant dilated left atrium on Echocardiogram (a4c)
It belongs to a 92-year old lady with a history
Giant dilated left ... Echocardiogram (a4c ... Mitral valve doesn ... ASD with R/L shunting ... a4c #Echocardiogram
Causes of Primary and Functional Mitral Regurgitation (MR) 
Causes of primary mitral regurgitation
 - Rheumatic heart
annular plane into left ... valve - Secondary ... #Mitral #Regurgitation ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Cardiology
Atrial Fibrillation (A-Fib) Summary

Symptoms:
• Palpitations, light-headedness, dizziness, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, chest pain, near-syncope, syncope.

Why?
Cardiac:
	• Valvular heart
branch block or ... Moderate or severe mitral ... Mechanical heart valve ... #diagnosis #management ... #cardiology
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
Involves aortic and mitral ... regurgitation ... Paradoxical emboli via ASD ... Marantic: Emboli > Regurgitation ... #management #cardiology
Negative Contrast Effect in Right Atrium - Differential Diagnosis
1. Small secundum ASD or PFO with left
Small secundum ASD ... or PFO with left ... #cardiology #clinical ... echocardiogram #s4c ... #pocus #bubble
Palpitations - Differential Diagnosis Framework

What?
• It is an unpleasant awareness or sensation that the heart is
heart failure • Mitral ... valve prolapse ... stenosis) • Severe mitral ... regurgitation ... /Afib/WPW) • Loss
RA/CVP Waveform Interpretation

Central venous pressure (CVP) or right atrial pressure (RAP) waveform tracings can often times
RV), tricuspid valve ... , third degree block ... tracings obtained for LEFT ... regurgitation). ... Interpretation #Diagnosis
Endocarditis - Overview and Differential Diagnosis Framework

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV
• Prosthetic valve ... involves aortic and mitral ... regurgitation ... Paradoxical emboli via ASD ... Marantic: Emboli > Regurgitation