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Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: Management Principles

General Therapeutic Principles:
Reduce the congestive state 
 - Caution
relevant Maintain atrial ... sinus rhythm in atrial ... hypertension, pulmonary ... #Cardiology #HFpEF ... #Treatment #HeartFailure
Atrial Fibrillation Overview

Symptoms:
Palpitations, light-headedness, dizziness, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, chest pain, near-syncope, syncope.

1. Why?
Cardiac:
• Valvular heart disease
•
Atrial Fibrillation ... near-syncope, syncope. 1. ... Noncardiac: • Pulmonary ... Endocrinopathies 2. ... Anticoagulation #Atrial
Treatment of Stable Narrow-Complex Tachycardia
Regular Rhythm:
 • Attempt vagal maneuvers
 • Give adenosine 6 milligrams IV
convert - Possible atrial ... flutter, ectopic atrial ... Rhythm: • Probable atrial ... fibrillation or possible atrial ... Tachycardia #Treatment #management
Approach to ECGs - Tachy/Bradyarrhythmias
Tachyarrhythmias - HR > 100
Wide
  (1) VT - DANGER
  (2)
Atrial flutter ... (3) SVTs - atrial ... (3) Multifocal atrial ... 1 , 3:2, 4:3, etc ... #differential
Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome

WPW is a congenital abnormality characterized by an abnormal accessory conduction pathway between the atria
pathway between the atria ... ventricle known as the bundle ... is ablation. 1 ... (Delta wave) 2 ... WolffParkinsonWhite #WPW #Cardiology
Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management

Regular SVT: Sinus Tachycardia, AVNRT, AVRT, Atrial Flutter,
, AVNRT, AVRT, Atrial ... Flutter, Ectopic Atrial ... Irregular SVT: Atrial ... Valsalva Maneuver: 1) ... flush and empty 2)
Negative Contrast Effect in Right Atrium - Differential Diagnosis
1. Small secundum ASD or PFO with left
Effect in Right Atrium ... Diagnosis 1. ... to right shunt 2. ... Effect #Right #Atrium ... echocardiogram #s4c #pocus #bubble
Atrial Fibrillation (A-Fib) Summary

Symptoms:
• Palpitations, light-headedness, dizziness, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, chest pain, near-syncope, syncope.

Why?
Cardiac:
	• Valvular heart
Atrial Fibrillation ... risk factors Atrial ... right and left atria ... identify left atrial ... test for DM Atrial
Bradycardia
1) First Steps: IV, O2, Monitors, ECG, Pads on patient, Crash Cart in room. Is patient
Bradycardia 1) ... O2, Monitors, ECG ... AMS, SOB from CHF ... bradycardia #diagnosis #differential ... #management #cardiology
Lead AVR on ECG
1. Acute myocardial infarction: ST elevation > 1.5 mm in aVR, indicative of
Lead AVR on ECG ... 1. ... failure, and death. 2. ... Subepicardial atrial ... : AVNRT, AVRT, atrial