13 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Low intake • Metabolic ... Renal Losses: • Metabolic ... acidosis: Proximal and ... Algorithm #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... tubal acidosis and ... metabolic alkalosis ... Cardiac failure #Hyponatremia ... Algorithm #Causes #nephrology
Alice in Wonderland Syndrome
What? Metamorphophsia - Distortions of the visual perceptions with changes in size (micro
in Wonderland Syndrome ... in size (micro and ... Systemic (toxic/metabolic ... • Epilepsy • Psychiatric ... #diagnosis #neurology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... Pressure: - Metabolic ... Hippurate - Metabolic ... #differential #potassium ... #nephrology #low
Hypernatremia Classification and Features According to Volume Status
 - Hypervolemic hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome, Primary hyperaldosteronism,
Hypernatremia Classification ... and Features According ... - Cushing's syndrome ... Diagnosis #Comparison #Table ... #Nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
diuretic use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... chloride responsive and ... potassium acid ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Heat stroke - Metabolic ... Hyperuricemia • Hyponatremia ... Monitor potassium ... per day until stable ... causes #treatment #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... (11-ß HSD type ... other • Severe potassium ... after fasting #Metabolic ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
resistance • Metabolic ... • Hyponatremia ... euvolemic hyponatremia ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Medications #Table
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
transfusion • HTN and ... • Recent IV potassium ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... infusions) - Metabolic ... #high #nephrology