28 results
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome ... has hematuria and ... nephrotic/nephritic syndromes ... #Comparison #Algorithm ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Confabulation
What? Honest Lie.  
No incoming sensory information + Filling of the blanks with different information
Diseases: Korsakoff ... Syndrome, Traumatic ... , Anton's Syndrome ... Cortical Blindness, Psychiatric ... diagnosis #causes #neurology
Parinaud's syndrome
What?
 • Light-near dissociation (tectal pupils)
 • Convergence retraction nystagmus
 • Eyelid retraction (Collier's sign)
Parinaud's syndrome ... "setting sun" sign ... • Vascular disease ... Dorsal midbrain and ... #neurology #diagnosis
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemic - Give volume
Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome ... Nausea, Pulmonary Diseases ... , CNS Disease, Meds ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Dizziness - Vertigo - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
True Vertigo - Illusion of Rotary Movement
Peripheral Vestibular
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Meniere's Disease ... Dysfunction - Imbalance, neurologic ... symptoms/signs, ... Dizziness #Vertigo #Neurology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm ... signs • Glomerulonephritis ... • Cardio-renal syndrome ... #AKI #Workup #Algorithm ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
Anterior Cord Syndrome ... • Central Cord Syndrome ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #orthopedics #neurology
Causes of Peripheral Weakness without Sensory Changes - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
No Objective Weakness
 • Cardio-pulmonary disease
Cardio-pulmonary disease ... • Endocrine Disease ... Motor Neuron and ... Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome ... Peripheral #Weakness #Neurology
Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) - Clinical Manifestations
 • Optic neuritis: Reduced visual acuity, ranging from mild to
mainly AQP4-lgG disease ... mainly MOG-lgG disease ... (AQP4-lgG disease ... Manifestations #diagnosis #neurology ... #symptoms #signs
Approach to Headaches - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Red flags (PHANTOMS):
 • Pattern change, progressively worse, papilledema
 •
papilledema • Horner syndrome ... • Meningeal signs ... Systemic symptoms and ... signs (e.g., fever ... #neurology #PHANTOMS