66 results
Urinary Casts in the setting of renal disease
#Clinical #Nephro #Urine #Microscopy #Casts #Comparison #Chart #ATN #AIN
the setting of renal ... Clinical #Nephro #Urine ... Comparison #Chart #ATN
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
- RenalUrine ... Renal Loss of HCO3 ... • Serum K low ... Proximal RTA: • Low ... • Serum K: low
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
Na <20: Extra-renal ... Na >30: Renal losses ... Hypothyroidism, Low ... Na > 30: Renal ... diagnosis #sodium #low
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Osmolarity 2) Urine ... Osmolarity 3) Urine ... Uric Acid - Low ... High Uric Acid → renal ... nephrology #sodium #low
Guide to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

What to ask/look for: 
 - HPI, PMH, full ROS
UOP/weights - Urine ... protein/Cr - Renal ... Liano 1996) - ATN ... CKD— 13% (mostly ATN ... and pre-renal)
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
hyperaldosteronism • Low ... Urine Cl-: Vomiting ... , NGT suction, Low ... (late) • High Urine ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
hyperaldosteronism • Low ... Urine Cl-: Vomiting ... , NGT suction, Low ... (late) • High Urine ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal
Approach to Hypomagnesemia 

Fractional excretion of magnesium = (urine magnesium x serum creatinine)/ [0.7 (serum magnesium
of magnesium = (urine ... serum magnesium x urine ... cells FEMg >4% = renal ... magnesium loss if renal ... nephrology #magnesium #low
Types of Renal Calculi

Calcium oxalate
 - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
apatite plaque, Low ... urine volume, Increased ... collecting duct plaque, Low ... urine volume, Increased ... and intestine, Low
Increased Urination - Differential Diagnosis Framework - Increased Volume / Frequency
 • Increased osmotic load (Increased
load (Increased urine ... to concentrate urine ... (usually low urine ... Recovery phase of ATN ... Increased intake (low