13 results
Hypermagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism
Renal Failure 
Excessive Mg Administration 
 - Massive PO intake
Etiologies by Mechanism ... IV Mg infusion (e.g ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... High #Magnesium #Table ... #Causes #Management
Digoxin effect on Electrocardiogram (EKG)
Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside from the foxglove leaf
Mechanism
 - Inhibits Na-K
(EKG) Digoxin ... foxglove leaf Mechanism ... - Decreases AV ... nodal conduction Uses ... #EKG #Cardiology
Muscarinic Receptor Agonists and Antagonists 
Muscarinic Receptor Agonists
Methacholine
 • Diagnosis of bronchial airway
Carbachol
 • Glaucorna (topical
Muscarinic Receptor Agonists ... Muscarinic Receptor Agonists ... symptomatic bradycardia (e.g ... ., AV block) • ... #Pharmacology #Table
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis by Mechanism
Decr Blood Pressure (“Decr Effective Circulating Volume”) 
 - Volume depletion
Differential Diagnosis by Mechanism ... - Cirrhosis Syndrome ... - Malignancy (e.g ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes #Sodium
Approach to ECGs - Tachy/Bradyarrhythmias
Tachyarrhythmias - HR > 100
Wide
  (1) VT - DANGER
  (2)
treat with beta-agonist ... (2) Sick Sinus Syndrome ... 200ms from longer pause ... #EKG #diagnosis ... #electrocardiogram
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists - Pharmacology Summary
Mechanisms of Action: Stimulate glucose-dependent insulin release from the pancreas (GLP-1
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists ... Pharmacology Summary Mechanisms ... Ozempic), or daily tablet ... side effects (e.g ... not definitively cause
Shock - Differential Diagnosis by Classification
Reflex Syncope 
 - Vasovagal syncope
   • Prolonged standing
AV block ... Medication side effect (e.g ... Subclavian steal syndrome ... Classification #Table ... #Causes
Causes of ST Segment Elevation - Differential Diagnosis Framework

STEMI:
 • Upsloping convex STE: "Pardee's sign" +
Causes of ST Segment ... interval J Wave Syndromes ... involved • Brugada Syndrome ... voltage Other Causes ... #ekg #electrocardiogram
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
ischemia or the mechanism ... by excretion (e.g ... its metabolism (e.g ... - Compartment syndrome ... medications - Beta agonists
Peripartum Cardiomyopathy - Summary
1. Definition
 • Towards the end of pregnancy to 5 months postpartum
exclude other causes ... - Proposed Mechanism ... - Proposed Mechanism ... during Delivery • Stable ... Bromocriptine, a dopamine agonist